How Patanjali Is Considered A Divine Messenger - 1188 Words

Upanishadic wisdom converged on a shared belief in a universal law that guided the abiding presence of religious and metaphysical forces in the lives of individuals and of the collective destiny of all things in the universe. The Upanishadic teachings help us to understand how yoga evolved. Patanjali is historically understood to have been a divine messenger, born some time between 500 BC and 200 BC. The dates are uncertain to this day as the lives of the great sages and mystics were not measured according to modern calendars, but rather, were imbued by the living oral traditions that defined Upanishadic wisdom and knowledge. Some traditions held that Pantanjali was not born of mother and father but was rather the incarnation of the god Adiesea. Adisesa is a great king cobra whose body is the seal of the god Vishnu. The legend continues that the god Shiva, the king of dance, invited Vishnu and other deities to see his famous dance, Tandava Nritya. As Shiva danced, Vishnu immersed his own consciousness in the moment. His physical being undulated in rhythm with the graceful movements of Shiva. During the performance of the dance, Vishnu was seated on Adisesa, the great cobra. The cobra became short of breath under Vishnu’s weight, which seemed to increase with his enrapturement in the dance. The great cobra began to gasp for air. At the end of the dance, Adesisa immediately felt release from the heavy pressure of Vishnu’s body. Adesisa asked Vishnu, â€Å"How could it be

Italian Verb Conjugations Cadere

Italian Verb Conjugations: Cadere  Conjugation table for the Italian verb  cadere cadere: to fall (down), collapse; come down/out; flopIrregular second-conjugation Italian verbIntransitive verb (does not take a  direct object) INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO Presente io cado tu cadi lui, lei, Lei cade noi cadiamo voi cadete loro, Loro cadono Imperfetto io cadevo tu cadevi lui, lei, Lei cadeva noi cadevamo voi cadevate loro, Loro cadevano Passato remoto io caddi tu cadesti lui, lei, Lei cadde noi cademmo voi cadeste loro, Loro caddero Futuro semplice io cader tu caderai lui, lei, Lei cader noi caderemo voi caderete loro, Loro caderanno Passato prossimo io sono caduto/a tu sei caduto/a lui, lei, Lei caduto/a noi siamo caduti/e voi siete caduti/e loro, Loro sono caduti/e Trapassato prossimo io ero caduto/a tu eri caduto/a lui, lei, Lei era caduto/a noi eravamo caduti/e voi eravate caduti/e loro, Loro erano caduti/e Trapassato remoto io fui caduto/a tu fosti caduto/a lui, lei, Lei fu caduto/a noi fummo caduti/e voi foste caduti/e loro, Loro furono caduti/e Future anteriore io sar caduto/a tu sarai caduto/a lui, lei, Lei sar caduto/a noi saremo caduti/e voi sarete caduti/e loro, Loro saranno caduti/e SUBJUNCTIVE/CONGIUNTIVO Presente io cada tu cada lui, lei, Lei cada noi cadiamo voi cadiate loro, Loro cadano Imperfetto io cadessi tu cadessi lui, lei, Lei cadesse noi cadessimo voi cadeste loro, Loro cadessero Passato io sia caduto/a tu sia caduto/a lui, lei, Lei sia caduto/a noi siamo caduti/e voi siate caduti/e loro, Loro siano caduti/e Trapassato io fossi caduto/a tu fossi caduto/a lui, lei, Lei fosse caduto/a noi fossimo caduti/e voi foste caduti/e loro, Loro fossero caduti/e CONDITIONAL/CONDIZIONALE Presente io caderei tu caderesti lui, lei, Lei caderebbe noi caderemmo voi cadereste loro, Loro caderebbero Passato io sarei caduto/a tu saresti caduto/a lui, lei, Lei sarebbe caduto/a noi saremmo caduti/e voi sareste caduti/e loro, Loro sarebbero caduti/e IMPERATIVE/IMPERATIVO Presente — cadi, cada, cadiamo, cadete, cadano INFINITIVE/INFINITO Presente ​— cadere Passato — essere caduto PARTICIPLE/PARTICIPIO Presente — cadente ​ Passato  Ã¢â‚¬â€ caduto GERUND/GERUNDIO Presente  Ã¢â‚¬â€ cadendo Passato — essendo caduto

Microsoft Office and Figure Free Essays

string(156) " To change the style of numbering or bullets, select the last list you created and click on the downward arrow to the right of the bullet or number tool 6\." Table of Contents Introduction This session is targeted at those who wish to learn the new key features of MS Word 2007. It will cover use of the ribbon, adding tools to the Quick Access Toolbar and using live preview before making selections. By the time you have completed this session you should be able to: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Office and Figure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Work with the new ribbon in Word 2007 2. Add tools to the Quick Access Toolbar 3. Use the Office Button 4. Use Live Preview and make selection 5. Create, save and format a document 6. Indent paragraphs and change line spacing 7. Create bullet and number list 8. Change format of bullets and number list 9. Apply borders and shading to paragraphs 10. Add a header or footer and page numbers to documents 11. Select tools from the Mini Toolbar 12. Work with Super tool tips 13. Use Launchers to display dialog boxes 14. Create and modify tables 15. Add and remove items from the Status Bar 16. Select Word Options 17. Understand the new file formats 18. Use the Compatibility Checker 19. Understand and apply the different security features Documents needed for practical are contained within the EssentialsInWord folder on the desktop or download from http://www. qub. ac. k/student Click on the Training Materials link (under Useful Information), scroll down to Microsoft Office 2007. Click on the Zip files for Word Essential. zip and download either to desktop or H drive. Right click on the zip file and select Extract All (or unzip to here) This practical should take you approximately 2 hours to complete Microsoft Word’s 2007 Ribbon When Word 2007 is first opened, a new blank document is automatically created. The ribbon displayed across the top of the screen replaces the old toolbars and menus. The ribbon is divided into eight tabs (if Developer tab is shown), plus an additional tab if add-ins are being used. The number of items shown in the ribbon will vary depending on the size and resolution of the monitor. For example, figure 1 below shows four heading styles on the ribbon, whereas a larger monitor with a higher screen resolution would display six or more heading styles. By clicking on the downward arrow to the right of the styles, the full range of styles will be displayed. By selecting the tabs across the top of the ribbon, i. e. Insert, Page Layout, References, Mailings, Review and View, a different section of the ribbon will be displayed. Notice that the Home ribbon/tab contains many of the tools previously displayed on the Standard and Formatting toolbars. Figure [ 1 ]: The Ribbon (Home Position) To hide the ribbon, (which will allow more room on the screen) double click one of the tabs across the top. To access a tool from the collapsed ribbon, click once on the tab to expand the ribbon and select the tool. To bring the ribbon back, double click on a tab or use the keyboard option Ctrl+F1. Note that when the ribbon is collapsed it is possible to use the Alt key on the keyboard to show the shortcut keys. For example Alt+N will access the Insert tab. See . Figure [ 2 ]: Short Cut Keys for Ribbon ————————————————- Across the top of the ribbon (or just below it), at the left hand side of the Title Bar, you will notice the Quick Access Toolbar (see figure 3). To add tools from the ribbon to the toolbar, right click on the tool and select Add to Quick Access Toolbar. Note: tools on the Quick Access Toolbar are saved to the computer, therefore if you use a different computer, you will not be able to access tools saved earlier. Figure [ 3 ]: Quick Access Toolbar Many of the tools contained in the earlier Edit menu, can now be accessed from the Office Button See figure 4 for list. Note that if the current document is saved on a SharePoint server, there will also be a Server Tasks button, between Publish and close. 1. ————————————————- Click on the Office Button 2. ————————————————- Right click on the Save icon 3. ————————————————- Select Add to Quick Access Toolbar Note: If the tool is already on the Quick Access Toolbar, the option will be unavailable. If this is the case, select another tool of your choice to add to the toolbar. Office Button Click on the arrows to see an extended menu in each case Live Preview Live Preview shows formatting results on text such as heading styles, font colour, background colour, etc, without actually clicking on the choice. For example by highlighting text and moving the mouse over the styles, on the Home tab, a preview of the effect of each style will be displayed without actually selecting the style. Note that not all formatting options use live preview. Click on the Office Button and select Open Browse to where you have saved the Word Essentials folder and open the document ECDL Leaflet Select the first heading ECDL and ECDL Advanced Ensure the Home tab is selected and move the cursor over the heading styles Notice how the heading changes to allow a preview (without clicking on a style). Click the downward arrow to the right of the styles to access the full range. Select Heading1 style by clicking on it. (Note: the name of the style will appear as you move the cursor over each style). Bullets and Numbering 1. ———————————————— Under the heading Why Study for an IT Qualification, select the five lines of text after By studying for the ECDL at Queen’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. ————————————————- Select the Bullets tool from the Paragraph group on the Home tab. 3. ————————————————- Scroll down to the heading What will you learn and select the seven lines of text beginning Basic Concepts of IT and select the Numbering tool from the Paragraph group. 4. ————————————————- Under the heading Moving forward with ECDL Advanced, select the text Word processing, down to Presentations and select the bullets tool. 5. ————————————————- To change the style of numbering or bullets, select the last list you created and click on the downward arrow to the right of the bullet or number tool 6. You read "Microsoft Office and Figure" in category "Papers" ————————————————- Choose a style or select Define New Bullet to choose a picture/symbol. See figure 5. (Note Live Preview of bullets before selection) : Change Bullet types * Note: within the Paragraph group there is also a Multilevel list. See figure 6, which is a useful feature for creating sub level lists. Also under the font group there is a tool to remove all formatting from a document. See figure 7. : Multilevel List : Clear Formatting Borders and Shading 1. ————————————————- Ensure the Home tab is selected. 2. ————————————————- Select the last paragraph in the document beginning ECDL and ECDL Advanced and click on the downward arrow beside the Border tool (on the Paragraph group). See figure 8. 3. ————————————————- Select Outside Borders, see figure 8. Figure [ 7 ]: Border 4. ————————————————- With the paragraph still selected click on the downward arrow beside the Shading tool (next to the border tool) on the Paragraph group. 5. ————————————————- Select a shade of grey, i. e. 25% * The MiniBar/Mini Toolbar Select any line of text in the ECDL leaflet document. Notice that the mini toolbar appears. See Figure 9. At first the toolbar will be quite faint but as the cursor is moved closer to the toolbar it becomes more solid. Moving the cursor off the mini toolbar and back may cause it to disappear. Right click on the selected text and it will reappear. Note that the mini toolbar does not produce live preview results. Figure [ 8 ]: Mini Toolbar By right clicking on text such as bullets or numbering, extended shortcut options will appear (see figure 10). Figure [ 9 ]: Extended Short Cut Menu * Super Tooltips Move the cursor over the tools on the ribbon. Notice that an extended tool tip appears. For example in Figure 11 below, the mouse was hovered over the Format Painter tool. In most cases the keyboard short cut keys also appear. Figure [ 10 ]: Super Tooltip for Format Painter * Dialog Boxes and Launchers Dialog boxes can be displayed in several ways. One example is to use the launchers. These are indicated by the small arrow in the lower right hand corner of ribbon groups, see figure 12. Click on the launcher to open the dialog box. Note that not a lot of changes have been made to dialog boxes in Word 2007 see figures 13a and 13b for one example. Figure [ 11 ]: Launcher Launcher Figure [ 12 ]a: Paragraph in 2007 Figure 13b: Paragraph in 2003 The Insert Ribbon Click on the Office Button and create a new blank document. Click on the Insert tab to display the insert section of the ribbon, see figure 14. Figure [ 13 ]: Insert Ribbon From the Pages group there is the option to insert a cover page, a blank page or page break. Section breaks can now be accessed from the Page Layout tab (covered later). Note that page breaks can also be accessed from the Page Layout tab. Tables Click on the downward arrow under tables and select a three column by three row table. See figure 15. Alternatively select Insert Table to make your selection. See figure 15. Figure [ 14 ]: Insert Table Three columns by three rows Note the table tools in the ribbon with Design and Layout tabs. See figure 16 with Design tab selected and Figure 17 with Layout tab selected. Design tab Layout Table Tools Border Launcher Figure [ 15 ]: Table Tools (Design) 1. ————————————————- Click into the first cell of the table and ensure the Layout tab is selected (see figure 17) 2. ————————————————- Select the top row of the table and click on the Merge Cells button within the Merge group 3. ————————————————- Select the Design tab and from the table styles (use the arrow key to the right of the styles), select Light List Accent 2 style, i. e. move the cursor over the styles and a name box will appear. Figure [ 16 ]: Table Tools (Layout) 1. ————————————————- Select the table and with the Design tab still selected, click on the Draw Borders launcher (see figure 16) to access the full range of borders and shading options. Alternatively click the downward arrows next to the borders and shading buttons to see the full range of options (within table styles of the Design tab). 2. ———————————————— Select All borders 3. ————————————————- Select 1 point width for the b order and the colour blue. 4. ————————————————- Right click within a table cell to bring up additional options such as insert row/column, delete row/column, etc. See figure 18. 5. ————————————————- Alternatively, select the Layout tab, see figure 17 to insert rows, columns, delete table, etc. 6. ————————————————- Using figure 19 as a guide, complete the remaining cells within the table. . ————————————————- Save the document as Table Example within the WordEssentials folder and close the document. Figure [ 17 ]: Table options Courses Microsoft Office 2007 Training Courses| October| Word| Essentials| October| Excel| Essentials| October| PowerPoint| Essentials| October| Access| Essentials| November| Word| Advanced| November| Excel| Advanced| November| PowerPoint| Advanced| November| Access| Advanced| A range of other course are available in each Microsoft application Shapes and SmartArt Click on the Office button and create a new document and ensure the Insert tab is selected. The Illustrations group on the Insert tab has buttons for inserting pictures, ClipArt, Shapes and Charts, there is also an option to use SmartArt which is a new feature on the Insert ribbon. 1. ————————————————- Click on the downward arrow below shapes. A range of shapes, lines, arrows are available. See figure 18. Note the option New Drawing Canvas at the bottom of the list (this appeared automatically in Word 2003) 2. ————————————————- Select three flow chart shapes of your choice and draw them on the page, one beneath the other. Draw connecting lines from the first shape to the second and a line from the second to the third shape. Figure [ 18 ]: Shapes 1. ————————————————- With the Insert tab still selected, click on Blank Page (from the Pages group). 2. ————————————————- Click on the SmartArt control and browse through the different categories down the left hand side. See figure 21 3. ————————————————- Select Block cycle from the Cycle category and click OK. See figure 21 with block cycle selected. Note the SmartArt ribbon appears. See figure 22. Figure [ 19 ]: SmartArt Figure [ 20 ]: SmartArt Ribbon Add Shape Change Colours 4. ————————————————- Click into each area of the cycle in turn and type the tasks associated with completing the ECDL qualification. See figure 23. 5. ————————————————- Click anywhere on the page when the cycle is complete. To access the SmartArt ribbon, double click on the shape and it will reappear. 6. ————————————————- To change the colour of the cycle, click on the Change Colours control, see figure 22. 7. ———————————————— To delete a shape, selec t the shape and press delete on the keyboard. 8. ————————————————- To insert a shape, select a shape next to where you want the new shape and click on Add Shape, see figure 22 9. ————————————————- To change the layout use the arrows to the right of the Layouts group and click a layout to select. 10. ————————————————- To change the SmartArt style, click on the arrows to the right of the Styles group and click the style to select. Figure [ 21 ]: Steps to complete ECDL Note: for more advanced features of SmartArt, see Advanced courses in Word and PowerPoint. Headers and Footers 1. ————————————————- Ensure the Insert tab is selected. Click the downward arrow under Header, (within the Header Footer group) to see the full range of header styles. Click the arrow beneath Footer and Page Number to view the styles available. See figure 24. 2. ————————————————- Click on the Footer button and select Alphabet style. Type your name in the [Type Text] box. The page number will appear on the right of the footer. . ————————————————- Notice the view of the ribbon/tab has changed, i. e. a design tab for header and footer appears. See figure 25. 4. ————————————————- Click Close Header and Footer (see figure 25). Note: Another way to access headers or footers is to double click the header or footer area of the page. Figure [ 22 ]: Headers and Footers Note: When in the header or footer area the header and footer tools/controls appear, see figure 25. To return to the main document, click the Close Header and Footer button see figure 25. Figure [ 23 ]: Header and footer tools Quick Parts and Building Blocks Quick Parts and Building Blocks provide a menu of reusable document parts, for example headers, footers, cover page, tables, etc. 1. ————————————————- With the Insert tab selected, click on Quick Parts from the Text group. Any quick parts created will be displayed. In figure 26 below, a cover sheet for IT courses has been created and saved as a quick part. 2. ————————————————- Click on Building Blocks Organizer to see the full list and type. Select a building block and note the preview displayed. To use a building block, select it and click Insert Figure [ 24 ]: Quick Parts 1. ————————————————- With the Building Blocks Organizer open, click on the heading Name, to sort items by name. To sort by Gallery, Category or Template, click on the particular heading. 2. ————————————————- Select one of the building blocks and click Edit properties. The Modify Building Block box opens (see figure 27). Changes can be made, click OK Figure [ 25 ]: Modify Building Blocks 1. ———————————————— To add a document part to Quick Parts or Building Blocks, select the item (for example to create a heading with QUB l ogo): 2. ————————————————- Ensure the Insert tab is selected, click Header and select Edit Header 3. ————————————————- Click on Picture within the Insert tab and insert Logo_QUB from the folder saved to your desktop. 4. ————————————————- Click on the downward arrow next to Quick Parts and select Save selection to Quick Part Gallery (see figure 27). . ————————————————- Type a name for the Quick Part, i. e. QUBLogo, select the Header gallery from the drop down list. See figure 28 Figure [ 26 ]: Create Quick Part 1. ———â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Open a new blank document 2. ————————————————- Click on the arrow next to Quick Parts and select Building Blocks Organizer 3. ————————————————- Click on Name to sort by name and scroll down to QUBLogo 4. ————————————————- Click Insert The Page Layout Ribbon Click the Page Layout tab to display the page layout section of the ribbon, see figure 29. Figure [ 27 ]: Page Layout Ribbon Margins 1. ————————————————- Ensure the ECDL Leaflet document is opened. 2. ————————————————- Within the Page Setup group, click the downward arrow under Margins, to change the margins of the document 3. ————————————————- Note the range of page set up styles provided but in this case choose Custom Margins 4. ————————————————- Change the top margin to 3. cm and the bottom to 3. 00 cm (see figure 30). 5. ——â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Note the option to change page orientation (leave as Portrait) 6. ————————————————- Click OK Figure [ 28 ]: Page Set up Indents and Spacing 1. ————————————————- Select the first paragraph of text under the heading â€Å"Is your CV missing something? † 2. ————————————————- Ensure the Page Layout tab is selected and click on the launcher button to the right of the Paragraph group (see figure 12 for launcher button) 3. ———————————————â⠂¬â€ Ensure the Indents and Spacing tab is selected and from Special select First line indent (see figure 31). 4. ————————————————- Change the line spacing to 1. 5 lines with 10 pt spacing after the paragraph (see figure 31). Click OK Figure [ 29 ]: Indents and Line Spacing As mentioned earlier section breaks can be inserted from the Page Layout tab, from within the Page Setup group, (click the arrow beside Breaks to select section breaks), see figure 29. The References Ribbon Click on the References tab to display the ribbon, see figure 32. The References tab is used for working with long documents, i. e. generating a table of contents and index, inserting footnotes and endnotes, inserting captions for tables and figures, etc. It will not be covered in this practical. Figure [ 30 ]: References Ribbon The Mailings Ribbon Click on the Mailings tab to display the ribbon, see figure 33. Tools on the Mailings tab are used to create mail merged documents, labels and envelopes. A document has been created named ExamResults containing student exam results (three topics) for seven students. Figure [ 31 ]: Mailings Ribbon 1. ————————————————- Open the document StudentResults and ensure the Mailings tab is still selected 2. ————————————————- Click on the Start Mail Merge button and select Normal Word document 3. ————————————————- Click on the downward arrow next to Select Recipients and choose Use Existing List 4. ————————————————- Browse to the WordEssentials folder and select the file ExamResults. Click Open 5. ————————————————- Position the cursor after the text Student Name and click on the downward arrow beneath Insert Merge Field 6. —————†”—————————— Select Student Title (see figure 34), leave a space and repeat, inserting Student_First_Name and Student_Surname 7. ————————————————- Position the cursor in the first blank cell of the table (beneath Module Result) 8. ————————————————- Insert fields for Introduction to Pure Maths, 9. ————————————————- Repeat point 8 above for Applied Maths and Programming (should resemble figure 35) Figure [ 32 ]: Insert Merge Field Merged Fields 10. ————————————————- Click on Finish and Merge 11. ————————————————- Click Edit Individual documents, select OK 12. ————————————————- Exam results for 7 students should be completed. The Review Ribbon Click on the Review tab to display the ribbon, see figure 36. The Tracking group is used to track changes made to a document and the Changes group is used to accept or reject changes. These will not be covered in this practical. The spell and grammar checker, thesaurus word count and translate tools can be accessed from the Proofing group of the Review tab. To spell check the ECDL leaflet, click on Spelling Grammar. As with previous versions of Word, suggestions will be given, along with the option to add to dictionary. Figure [ 33 ]: Review Ribbon Proofing group The View Ribbon Click on the View tab to display the ribbon, see figure 37. Within the Document Views group the various views with text description is displayed. Also note the views are displayed in the status bar across the bottom of the window. Figure [ 34 ]: View Ribbon Developers Ribbon To show the Developers ribbon, click on the Office Button and select Word Options. Ensure the Show Developer tab in ribbon is ticked. See figure 38. The Developers tab is not covered in this practical. Figure [ 35 ]: Show Developer Tab in Ribbon Click on the Developer tab to display the ribbon, see figure 39. Figure [ 36 ]: Developer Tab * The Status Bar The Status Bar is positioned across the bottom of the window, see figure 40. There are over 20 choices on the bar, see figure 41. To display the Customize Status Bar dialog box, right click on the Status Bar. Items with a tick beside them will appear on the Status bar. To add an item, click on it. To remove an item, click on the ticked item. Figure [ 37 ]: Status Bar Figure [ 38 ]: Status Bar Options Word Options Previously Word options were accessed from the Tools menu by selecting Options. Word Options is now accessed by clicking on the Office button and selecting Word options. The Word Options menu will then appear. See figure 42. Click on the tabs down the left hand side to access features associated with the tab. In figure 42, the Popular tab is selected showing the top options for working with Word. Figure [ 39 ]: Word Options Customize Quick Access Toolbar 1. ————————————————- With Word options still open, click on Customize 2. ————————————————- Click on the downward arrow next to Choose Commands From (see figure 43). Notice all the tabs are listed along with options to add tools not displayed on the ribbon. 3. ————————————————- Select the Insert Tab and select Convert Text to Table. See figure 43 4. ————————————————- Click the add button to add the tool to the Quick Access Toolbar 5. ————————————————- Click OK. See figure 43 Figure [ 40 ]: Add to Quick Access Toolbar File Formats Most Word files created in 2003 can still be opened in 2007. Word 2007 uses four file extensions: 1. .docx – file ending for ordinary Word 2007 documents 2. .docm – file ending for macro enabled documents 3. dotm – file ending for Word 2007 templates (does not contain macros) 4. .dotm – file ending for macro enabled templates By clicking on the Office Button and selecting Save As, you have the option to save as a Word Document (2007 version), Word Template, Word 97-2003 or select Other Formats, see figure 29. Even if the document is saved in Word 2007 format, Word 97/2003 users can still open it if they have downloaded the compatibility pack from Microsoft online. Figure [ 41 ]: File Formats Note: Word’s . doc used binary, whereas . docx uses XML. .docx creates smaller files than . doc and are less likely to become corrupt. Use SaveAs to save one type of document as another Save the Document 1. ————————————————- Click on the Office Button and select Save As 2. ————————————————- Save the document as ECDL Information (notice the file ending), see figure 45 3. ———————————————— Save it in the WordEssentials folder, see figure 45 4. ——— —————————————- Close the application Figure [ 42 ]: Save Compatibility Checker Provided Word 2000-2003 users download the free Office 2007 compatibility pack, they will be able to read and write to Word 2007 files. Occasionally users will get a message stating that certain features might be lost when converting between these different formats. Word automatically runs compatibility checks if a document is being saved in a different format from the current one. If you prefer, you can run a compatibility check at any time to find out if features would be lost in saving to another file format. To run the compatibility checker, click on the Office button and select Prepare, Run Compatibility Checker. See figure 46 Figure [ 43 ]: Run Compatibility Checker Ensure the Check compatibility when saving in Word 97-2003 formats check box is ticked. See figure 47. If the checker is turned on, whenever you use a feature in Word 2007 that is not supported in Word 97-2003 the Compatibility Checker will pop up highlighting the issue, see figure 48. Figure [ 44 ]: Compatibility Checker Security Features There are a range of different types of protection methods that can be used with Word 2007 Restricting Permission: Information Rights Management: This option allows users to access Microsoft’s service to restrict access to those who can open or make changes to a document. Click on the Office Button, select Prepare, Restrict permission and Restricted Access, see figure 48. Note you may need to download the software from Microsoft (see figure 47) and sign up to the service the first time you use it, see figure 50. Figure [ 45 ]: Restricted Access Figure [ 46 ]: Information Rights Management At this stage it is a free trial service but it is possible Microsoft might charge for the service in the future. Figure [ 47 ]: Sign Up Style Formatting, Tracked changes, comments and filling forms Restrictions * Restricts formatting to particular styles * Protection is by password * Accessed from Review ribbon, Protect Document, Restrict Formatting and Editing (see figure 51). * Make selection from Restrict formatting and Editing pane, see figure 52. Figure [ 48 ]: Formatting Restrictions Limit formatting to a selection of styles – tick box Figure [ 49 ]: Restrict Formatting and Editing Select type of editing allowed from drop down list Click Yes, Start Enforcing Protection to enter password Password to Open/modify Click the Office Button, select Save As – Tools – General Options and enter the password to either open and modify or modify only, see figure 53. Figure [ 50 ]: General Options Inspect Document To inspect a document to see if it contains personal data or comments, click the Office Button, select Prepare, Inspect Document. Click Inspect on the Document Inspector, see figure 54. Figure [ 51 ]: Inspect Document Mark as Final A document can be marked as final if it had no further modifications to be made. This option will render the document read only. Users with Word 2007 can remove the feature if necessary. Users with earlier versions of Word, even with the compatibility pack won’t even see the file as Read Only. Word Help To access Word help, click on the question mark at the right hand top of the window. Type keyboard shortcuts in the box provided and click on Search. See figure 55. Links to a range of possible solutions will be provided. See figure 55 Figure [ 52 ]: Help The Get Started Ribbon For additional help on using the Office 2007, download to your own computer the Get Started ribbon (also provided for Excel, PowerPoint). See figure 56. A range of interactive materials, videos, online training and discussion forum is provided. See figure 56. To download the Get Started Ribbon (when you return to your own computer), open a web browser and go to http://office. microsoft. com/en-us/help/HA102146851033. aspx Figure [ 53 ]: Get Started Ribbon Bibliography TitleAuthor(s)Publisher Goal Directed Project ManagementE S. Anderson et al. Kogan Page Coopers Lybrand, 1987 The Handbook of Project ManagementTrevor L YoungInstitute of Directors, 1999 Introducing Prince – The Structured Project Management MethodC. BentleyNCC Blackwell, 1992 Project Management – 5th EditionDennis LockGower, 1994 Project Management – A Managerial Approach 4th EditionJ. R. Meredith S. J. Mantel, Jr. John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2000 Project Management – A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and ControllingHarold KerznerJohn Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1998 Project Management ToolsJacques SurveyerSoftware Development Magazine, July 1997 Project Management for the 21st CenturyB. P. Lientz K. P. ReaAcademic Press, 1998 Project SkillsSam Elbeik Mark ThomasButterworth Heinemann, 2000 Step by Step – Microsoft Project 2000C. S. Chatfield T. D. JohnsonMicrosoft Corporation, 2000 How to cite Microsoft Office and Figure, Papers

Ubuntu Technologies Plc

Question: ExplainUbuntu Technologies Plc. Answer: Introduction Ubuntu Technologies Plc is a Midlands based organization, operating for the past 20 years. The company has specialized in manufacturing a special type of versatile motor engine part. Initially, Ross-Royce engines used this part. However, over the years the client base of Ubuntu enhanced and it included large automakers such as Toyota, Ford, Honda and Mercedes. Formerly, the business activities of Ubuntu Technologies Plc were limited to United Kingdom and some other parts of Europe. Presently, the market of Ubuntu has expanded in various parts of India, China, Japan and North America. In the past decade the sales of Ubuntu outside the European market has been increasing while it is declining in the European market. In the post global financial crisis era, the company has encountered difficult situation. Actually, the entire, motor manufacturing industry has suffered in that period. The impact of global financial crisis was severe in the USA, EU and UK. The traditional market of the co mpany automatically declined and Ubuntu faced major challenges. Consequently, the company has focused on exploring the emerging markets of Asia. However, the company do not have adequate knowledge regarding the Asian markets. Additionally, it has been observed that the emerging markets are highly competitive and penetrating those markets will require effective strategies and adequate knowledge. Due to increased competition and some other factors the company has encountered a loss in the last financial year. In this situation, the board members of the company are very much concerned about the future prospect and they have been looking for various options. It has been observed that a board of director of Ubuntu arranged a meeting for exploring the possibility of acquiring the outright of the organization. Though some board of directors are willing to sell off the company the managing director is hopeful about the long term prosperity of the company (Klemstine and Maher, 2014). The man aging direction of the organization has been preparing to represent some strategies that would help in reviving the financial position of the company. This paper will focus on analyzing the financial position of the company along with estimating the value of the organization. Analysis of the Performance and Financial Position Ubuntu Technologies have been encountering some issues and it is important to analyze its performance and present financial position for making rational decision. Financial performance analysis focuses on considering the financial information of the company and analyzes its performance over the past few years. Analysis of the financial performance provides an insight to the major weaknesses as well as strengths of the company. The results of the financial performance analysis will identify the weakness of the organization and the company can focus on overcoming those issues in order to maximize the performance of the company. On the other hand, the major strengths of the company can be recognized which will be helpful in maintaining the position of the company. In order to analyze the financial performance, ratio analysis can be used for analyzing various performance aspects of Ubuntu. This analysis will be helpful for the board of directors of the company for making rational decisio n on the basis of past performance analysis. This section will include ratio analysis for analyzing the financial performance of the firm over the last three years. Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is a useful tool for analyzing the financial performance of an organization. It considers the important and relevant financial information of the company in order to calculate some financial performance indicators (Oliver and Horngren, 2010). Financial statements such as balance sheet, income statement and balance sheet are considered for gathering relevant information which will be used in order to calculate various performance indicators or financial ratios. This effective too has been extensively considered by various organizations in order to analyze the financial performance of the company. Ratios are considered by the internal as well as external users of the companies for making decision (Epstein and Lee, 2014). Different type of ratios such as profitability ratio, efficiency ratio, liquidity ratio etc helps in getting an insight regarding organizational performance (Garrison, Noreen and Brewer, 2010). Profitability ratio gives an overview of the potential of th e organization in making profits in relation to revenue. On the other hand, liquidity ratios estimate the short term cash position of the business firm. Efficiency ratio helps in understanding the efficiency level of the organizational activities. Investors ratios are largely considered by the investors in order to assess the return on investment in this organization. In this section, important financial ratios of Ubuntu Technologies Plc have been calculated for three consecutive years 2012, 2013 and 2014. Profitability Ratio Profitability ratios help in estimation of the profit generation capacity of the company. Gross profit margin is calculated for indicating how much money is available to the company after deducting the cost of goods sold (Klemstine and Maher, 2014). There are two important profitability ratios that will be calculated in this section: gross profit margin and net profit margin. Gross profit margin estimates the ratio of the revenue to the amount left after considering the cost of goods sold. From the following table, it can be found that the gross profit margin of the company has declined over the past 3 years. It can be found that the cost of goods sold is increasing but the revenue is not increasing in the same proportion (Oliver and Horngren, 2010). It does not have a positive indication for the financial health of the organization. It can be stated that the marketing strategies have not been effective in enhancing the revenue of the organization. On the other hand, net profit margi n is calculated after considering the total expenditure of the company (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver, 2009). It is calculated by the ratio of revenue of that organization for that financial year to the amount left after costing all the expenses of that firm (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2006). In case of Ubuntu, the net profit margin of the company has been found to be negative in 2014. It started declining since 2012 and in 2014, the company encountered loss of 3.87%. It does not indicate a favourable financial position of the company (Garrison, Noreen and Brewer, 2010). The expenditures of the company have increased significantly. However, the sales revenue has not increased in the same proportion. Hence, it can be clearly implied that Ubuntu Technologies have not been able to generate consistent profit over the three financial years (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2012). (*values are in millions) 2014 2013 2012 Profitability Ratio Gross Profit 115.00 125.00 135.00 Revenue 630.00 610.00 580.00 Gross Profit Margin 18.25% 20.49% 23.28% Net Profit - 24.40 5.00 12.00 Revenue 630.00 610.00 580.00 Net Profit Margin -3.87% 0.82% 2.07% (Source: (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2006)) Liquidity Ratio Liquidity ratios are very important for understanding the short term liquidity of the firm (Seal, Garrison and Noreen, 2009). It basically focuses on estimating the cash position of the company in order to meet the obligation that is short term (Wernz, 2014). Liquidity ratio helps in assessing whether the company has adequate potential to conduct its day to day operational activities. Current ratio and quick ratio are considered to be two important ratios for evaluating the solvency of an organization. Liquidity ratios consider the short term assets and short term liabilities form the balance sheet in order to determine the short term cash position of that business firm. Current ratio is the proportion of short terms assets and short term liabilities of the company. If the ratio is greater than 1, it indicates the company has potential to meet the short term obligations with the aid of its current assets. In contrast, if the current ratio is less than 1, it implies the business firm does not have adequate current asset for meeting the short term liabilities of the firm. The company needs to arrange short term assets such as cash, bank balance, inventory, and accounts receivable for maintain moderate level of current asset which can be sufficient for meeting the requirement of the company. The liquidity position of Ubuntu has declined over the period and in 2014 the current ratio is less than 1. In 2012, current ratio was 1.15 which indicates the company had adequate current asset that helps in meeting the short term obligation of the company. However, the current ratio declined in the consecutive two financial years: 2013 and 2014. It indicates an un favourable position for the company. Quick ratio is another important liquidity ratio that helps in estimating the short term cash position of the organization. Quick ratio does not consider inventories as current asset as it cannot be converted to cash quickly (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2012). The quick ratio of Ubuntu has declined over the three years and it is very poor in 2014. It means the company has been struggling to meet its short term liabilities in the past three financial years. Moreover, it can be implied that the inventory of the company is significantly high and when it is not considered in the current asset, the liquidity ratio declined sharply. 2014 2013 2012 Liquidity Ratio Current Asset 278.30 225.00 230.00 Current Liabilities 349.30 239.00 200.00 Current Ratio 0.80 0.94 1.15 Current Assets 278.30 225.00 230.00 Inventories 120.00 100.00 110.00 Current Liabilities 349.30 239.00 200.00 Quick Ratio 0.45 0.52 0.60 Efficiency Ratio Efficiency ratios are calculated in order to assess the efficiency level of the organizational activities in terms of inventory conversion, utilization of assets etc (Cummins and Weiss, 2013). The efficiency ratios are determined in terms of the asset turnover ratio and the inventory turnover ratio. The asset turnover ratio determines the ability of the company to use the assets in an efficient manner for generating revenue. This section will focus on discussing two major efficiency ratios: inventory turnover ratio and asset turnover ratio for 2012, 2013 and 2014. Asset turnover ratio is calculated for estimating the capacity of the company in utilizing its assets for generating revenue (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2012). It has been found that the asset turnover ratio is less than 1. It clearly indicates that the company has been unable to utilize its assets effectively. On the other hand, inventory turnover ratio indicates the time taken for converting its inventory into sales (P eterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2006). If the inventory turnover ratio is high it implies that it takes greater time to convert its inventory into sales and the chance of obsolesce increases (Drury, 2012). It has been found that the inventory turnover ratio was highest in 2012 and then it decreased in 2013. Again in 2014, it has increased which is not favourable for the company (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver, 2009). It is seen that in the year 2012, the revenue of the company was 580 millions. The total asset of the company comprising of the current assets and the tangible assets is 730 million dollars. The asset turnover ratio for 2012 is 0.79. The revenue of the company for 2013 is 610 million dollars and the total assets have been 825 million. In the year 2014, the revenue of the company is 630 million and the total assets of the company are 957 million. The ratio for the year is 0.66. It is seen that the investment of the company in the total assets has been increasing from the year 2012 to the year 2014. The increase in investment in total assets of the company for the year 2014 has been 31%. This has resulted in the increase in the revenue of the company. The revenue of the company has increased from 2012 to 2013 is 30 million and the increase in the revenue from the year 2013 to 2014 is 20 million. There has been 8% increase in the total revenue of the company. This has resulted in the v ariation of the ratio from 2012 to 2014 as it is seen below. Similar change in noticed in the inventory turnover ratio as the inventory of the company has been increasing in the year 2014. The cost of sales for the year 2014 has increased by 2012 to 2014 by 13%. But the increase in number of days is not favourable for the business. The company must reduce its inventory amount and use it efficiently. 2014 2013 2012 Efficiency Ratio Revenue 630.00 610.00 580.00 Total Asset 957.30 825.00 730.00 Asset Turnover 0.66 0.74 0.79 Inventories 120.00 100.00 110.00 Cost of Sales 515.00 485.00 445.00 Inventory Turnover ratio (days) 85.05 75.26 90.22 Capital Structure Ratio Capital structure plays a crucial role in analyzing the risk associated with the business operations (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2006). Gearing ratio and interest coverage ratio are the important ratio that will help in analyzing vulnerability relating to debt and equity. Gearing ratio helps in estimating the ratio between debt and equity of the firm (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2012). Higher amount of debt indicates greater level of risk (Seal, Garrison and Noreen, 2009). In case of Ubuntu, gearing ratio has been estimated to be greater than 1 in 2014. Debt was significantly low in 2012 and in 2014 it had exceeded the equity. The company has become more leveraged and the risk has increased (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver, 2009). Interest coverage ratio indicates the ability of the company to meet liability associated with debt (Zhu, 2009). In 2012, the interest coverage ratio of Ubuntu indicated that the company had significant potential to pay off its liability (Kieso, Weygandt a nd Warfield, 2012). However, in 2014, the company encountered loss and does not have the capability to pay interest against the borrowings. Hence, it can be stated the financial position of Ubuntu is not good in 2014 and it has deteriorated over the three years period. The capital structure ratio shows the percentage of equity and debt of the company. It is favourable for the business to have a low debt than equity. The financial risk of the company reduces. But in the present situation it is seen that the amount of debt capital of the company is increasing rapidly. The debt capital of the company has increased by 100% in the year 2014 from the year 2012. However the equity capital is same. This is risky for the company during financial turmoil. Thus it is favourable of the company to lower the debt capital so that the burden of the company is reduced in times of financial turmoil. The interest coverage ratio shows that ability of the company to pay its interest with the profit. The interest expense of the company has been increasing from the year 2012 to the year 2014. The company has suffered from huge loss in the year 2014. Thus the company will not be able to repay its interest expense within the profit. The financial risk of the company will i ncrease in near future. Thus in such a financial turmoil, the increase in debt burden of the company will pose serious threat for the company in future. 2014 2013 2012 Capital Structure Ratio Debt Capital 345.00 230.00 145.00 Total Equity 310.00 310.00 310.00 Gearing Ratio 1.112903226 0.741935484 0.467742 Profit before interest and tax - 11.40 18.00 25.00 Interest Expenses 12.00 10.00 8.00 Interest Coverage Ratio -0.95 1.8 3.125 Value of the Organization If the anticipation of the managing director is considered to be true, i.e. introduction of a new approach will help in saving cost of 25 million, in calculating the value of the firm, profit and loss can be ignored. Adjusted book value method or cost approach can be adopted for estimating the value of the organization. First of all, the balance sheet must be considered to assess the value of the assets. The assets will include both current and non-current assets. Cash, accounts receivable, inventories, non-operating assets, fixed assets (tangible) and intangible assets must be considered for calculating the total assets of the organization. Current assets are already in book value and hence, adjustments are not required. In order to calculate goodwill, the company can be adopting excess earnings method. Therefore, liabilities and equities need to be calculated by considering long term date, deferred tax, contingent liability and stockholders equity (Williams and Naumann, 2011). The refore, net assets can be calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets. The value of the company can be understood from the above ratio analysis of the financial statements of the company. The ratio analysis clearly shows that in the last three financial years the liquidity ratios have decreased which shows the companys failure in paying away its suppliers and also there is lack of liquid assets which could be easily transferable to cost. The liquidity position of this company is not at all good due to which it is unable to meet its short term obligations and resulted in mistrust among its investors. The profitability position of this company also showing a steady falls, where the net profit has gone to negative which means that the company has made a net loss in the year 2014. The investors and shareholders of the company will lose interest on this company and the owners are opting to sell it away to recover the loss. The capital structure of the company is also not at all good; with the source of capital shifting more from equity capital to long term d ebt capital is a clear indication of huge leverage the company is bearing at present. The efficiency ratios are also deteriorating which shows the lack of efficiency on the part of the company in making use of its assets and liabilities. This determines the value of the company which for Ubuntu Technologies PLC is clearly showing negative results. The value of the organization acts as a base for the organization to take important strategic decisions. It helps in decision making and all the future objectives of the organization are set based on it. The study of the financial situation of the company at present supports the decision of the Board of Directors that it is better to sell the organization. Even if the new approach can decrease the cost of production but the capital structure and the liquidity position cannot be changed with a cost control approach. The value statement of the company shows the financial problem it is facing and despite showing good growth in the initial years it has fell miserably. The value of the organization can only be changed with a strict approach on the part of the management. So, comparing the current position of the company and understanding the approach of the managing directors selling the company is the only way to revive the value of the organization. Conclusion This paper has demonstrated that the Ubuntu Technologies Plc has not been performing well and the financial position of the company has deteriorated over the last three years period. Ratio analysis of the firm has demonstrated that the company has not been able to earn significant revenue by utilizing its assets properly. The inventory turnover ratio is high and it can be concluded that the efficiency of the company has been significantly poor. Additionally, the company had encountered loss in 2014 which has created a doubt among the shareholders. Liquidity ratios such as current ratio and quick ratio are estimated to be lower than 1 which clearly indicated that the company does not have enough potential to meet the short term obligations. Moreover, the gearing ratio demonstrated the proportion of debt has exceeded equity capital which has enhanced the level of risk. As the directors are planning to sell off the company, the estimated value of the business can be calculated by the ab ove stated method. The ratio analysis of the financial statements of Ubuntu Technologies PLC for the last three years clearly indicates its declining financial condition. We have made use of several accounting ratios to understand it better. The ratio analysis covers the income statements, balance sheet and the cash flow statements of the company. The ratio analysis supports the decision of the Board of Directors, so even though the effort of the managing director to revive the company with a new cost control approach is appreciated but it is not enough to recover the company from its poor financial condition. So, we can conclude the financial study of Ubuntu Technologies PLC. References Braun, K., Tietz, W. and Harrison, W. (2010).Managerial accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Cummins, J. and Weiss, M. (2013). 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