A Short Biography about the author

Dr. John F. MacArthur, Jr. was born in Los Angeles, California, U. S. A., on June 14, 1939. An American Evangelical Writer and Minister, with an existing radio program entitled â€Å"Grace to You†, & currently serving as a Pastor/Teacher of Grace Community Church in Sun Valley California, also holding the position of President of The Master’s College (and it’s Seminary), located in Santa Clarita, California.He is the son of Dr. Jack MacArthur (also an accomplished Preacher in his time), John was a gifted athlete who attended the Bob Jones University before moving to Los Angeles Pacific College (now name Azusa Pacific University). He earned his Masters of Divinity course at Talbot Theological Seminary in La Mirada & graduated with honors in 1969.He was the third Pastor in the Grace Community Church, a non-denominational church in the same place. John MacArthur   and his wife, Patricia, have four children,   eight grandchildren, and are living in Santa Clarita, California.  In 1985, he became the President of the Master’s College (used to be named and known as the Los Angeles Baptist College), an accredited four year liberal arts Christian College & a year later he founded the Master’s Seminary. His daily radio programâ€Å"Grace to You† is being broadcast   not just in California or the U. S. A. but also through out many parts of the world. He is an author to many dozens of books with notable commentary series & various Bible Study Guides. He works alongside Phil Johnson who usually edits most of his written works.MacArthur has been involved in a lot of controversial issues, the greatest one of which was when his evangelical church for the first time, got sued for malpractice charge.A certain Kenneth Nally, a 24 year old seminary student from their school committed suicide in 1979. A year after, MacArthur & several other members of their staff   appeared before the court about the legality of their Biblical cou nseling procedures from the modern psychological approach, notwithstanding that Nally has been under a psychological   help from the outside. Several years passed with various court rules, appeals, hearings until the California Supreme Court ruled out that there was insufficient evidence to   forego on the case into a full trial.

Reflection Journal on court Visit

Even before entering courtroom it was evident how nervous every single student in the group I was in was, from the way everyone slowly crept forward, reluctant to be the first one through the door. I had to steel my nerves before pushing the door to District Courtroom 11 open. The trial I experienced was the murder of a pair of infant twins due to a lack of sustenance and nutrition in June 2008 (Dick & Kellet, 2008) The accused parties, (LWS009 Study Guide, 2013, p. 15), Kylie Maree Mathews and Mark Ryan Jackman, were the mother and father of the twins.The opposing crown prosecutor’s case (LWS009 Study Guide, 2013, p. 14) was brought on behalf of the State of Queensland. When I first walked into the courtroom, one of the last people who had had contact with the accused parties before the twins died was being cross-examined by the defending Barrister (M. Backstrom, â€Å"LWS009 Lectorial 1†. 2013). It was mentioned that Kylie Mathews isolated the twins from the rest of h er family and friends in early 2008. Kylie Mathews also stopped answering calls, messages and rarely left the house.There was limited opportunity for other adults to see the twins, however, there was no active repelling of people who wanted to see the twins. The atmosphere was tense as a second witness was called in. The witness took affirmation as per protocol (Queensland Government, n. a. ), before being cross-examined by the defending Barrister. This second witness I saw was Kylie Mathew’s consulting psychiatrist, before and after the twins passed away, from 2008 to 2009. From what I could gather throughout the time I was in the courtroom, Kylie Mathews’s state of mind was an important issue to be discussed.Applying the process of ISAAC to solving legal problems (M. Backstrom, â€Å"LWS009 Lectorial 2† 2013) in this context, a lot of attention was placed on the issue of Kylie Mathew’s psychological state and the operation of â€Å"magical thinkingâ₠¬  on many levels in the period of time leading up to the loss of the twins. It was mentioned that Kylie Mathews had had anger issues and had seen the psychiatrist often. The day we went to the Queen Elizabeth II Courts Of Law, there were a number of considerably conspicuous trials going on, many involving deaths.Even though many of us were happy that we had the chance to watch these trials, thinking back on it now, it was slightly disheartening to realize exactly how many of such cases happen that are complicated enough to have to bring to court. The murder of the twins happened in 2008, but it is only in 2013 that this case is fully addressed, plus the trial was only on day 11 of 15. It is only after watching part of a trial first-hand that I realize just how much time and effort is put into the resolution of such cases and how essential a stable, predictable court system is.

Emirates Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Emirates Airlines - Research Paper Example In terms of innovation, it is the first airline which has introduced â€Å"Audio Video on Demand† for their passengers in all the classes. It remains first in terms of introducing the in-flight calling and the concept of the onboard spa. Emirates Airlines is also known as the first airline which has initiated the internet and Wi-Fi facility inside the flight. The product offering of Emirates Airlines includes ‘ICE’ package.Information: Allows the customers to remain updated with the current news from BBC website. It also enables them to take a vision from the external cameras of aircraft. Communication: Enables the passengers to contact anyone via mail, SMS and phone call.Entertainment: The passengers can watch their favorite shows and also can play games. Due to introducing innovation in its operation and providing various facilities, Emirates Airlines is regarded as the prestigious company in the developed as well as emerging market. It is regarded as a fierce c ompetitor especially in the premium sector because it is leading the airline segment (â€Å"Emirates Group Careers†). The company has coped up with the economic downturn by improving its efficiencies as well as by introducing innovations in its operations (â€Å"Emirates†).Opportunities: Emirates Airlines is incessantly innovative and due to the advancement of its technology, it is making excessive profit. Its association with Qantas enables them to draw more Australian passengers.

NonUS Health Care System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NonUS Health Care System Analysis - Essay Example The year 1900 saw a symbolic opening of the new century's scientific internationalism with the awarding of the first Nobel prizes. From that point on the nations of the world have become enmeshed in a great variety of regional and global organizations established for every conceivable purpose. International health activities have grown steadily in breadth and complexity, as more and more actors are involved in a process that continues to accelerate. Official agreements between sovereign states in the field of health exist in many forms. Some are developed through membership in multilateral agencies. Others derive from bilateral cooperative contracts between pairs of countries, often developed and developing. Here we will describe the evolution and structure of some of these organizations from about 1900 to the present. Over the three decades from 1874 to 1903 biomedical science advanced far more than it had in the previous three millennia. The acceptance of Darwin's concept of evolution, the application of quantitative reasoning, and developments in chemistry and microscopy led to an unprecedented accumulation of new knowledge. This knowledge, combined with field-based research all over the world, revealed for the first time the means of transmission and causative agent of almost every infectious disease important to human and veterinary medicine. International bickering and the chaos of the worldwide economic depression, with resultant wavering support and a chronic shortage of funds, marked operations of the National Health Service (NHS) in the 1940s. Communication was carried out by (sea) mail, telegrams, and, where possible, by telephone or two-way radio. Obtaining timely information about disease outbreaks in remote areas was a continuing problem. The principles governing the work of the National Health Service were to inform national health authorities on matters of fact, to document them on methods of solving their technical problems and to afford them such direct assistance as they may require. The work of the NHS is divided into two major categories: central technical services and services to governments. The central services include epidemiological intelligence; work toward international agreements concerned with health aspects to travel and commerce; international standardization of vaccines and pharmaceuticals and the dissemination of knowledge through meetings and reports of expert committees, seminars, study groups, and publication of technical and similar literature on national health problems. Headquarters also coordinates the work of several hundred NHS collaborating centers, laboratories, and institutes throughout the country that provide expert consultation and services in many fields. An important contribution to national understanding is made by the NHS fellowship program, under which thousands of persons have gone for brief study tours abroad in fields such as public health administration; environmental health; nursing, maternal and child health; other health services;

The Reform of the House of Lords Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Reform of the House of Lords - Term Paper Example While the primacy of the Commons was originally derived from its electoral mandate, its continuing relevance is furthered by its functions and roles. The Government cannot govern without the support of the Commons because it has final say on legislation. As the Royal Commission chaired by Lord Wakeham emphasized, "The House of Commons, as the principal political forum, should have the final say in respect of all major public policy issues" and "it would be wrong to restore the fully bicameral nature of the pre-1911 Parliament."3 The primary role played by the Commons rests on several factors. First, its mandate as the direct representatives of the people means that it has greater democratic legitimacy than the Lords. The Commons' power to grant or withhold supply (public expenditure) is the source of its ability to uphold or dismiss the Government. Without the Commons' consent, the Government cannot function because the Commons approves the expenditure. It is thus undesirable for the reformed Lords to undermine this primacy. Changes in the Lords composition might lead to this undesirable outcome.4 The Lords cannot have the same power of public expenditure because there must only be a single route through which the Government secures its authority to govern. The Lords should have less power over the Government although it can ask the Government to reconsider a proposal without questioning the Government's authority. The primacy of the Commons is enshrined in the Parliament Acts, which limit the power of the Lords to veto legislative proposals, contain specific provisions relating to Bills on national taxation, public money or loans or their management. In a dispute between the two chambers on primary legislation, the Commons is supreme.The Lords should neither be a rival nor a mirror of the Commons. The Lords should not also be a rubber stamp of the Government's proposals. The primary function of a second chamber is the scrutiny of proposed legislation to provid e a second opinion. In order to secure the highest possible quality of legislation, a government must provide this second opinion.  

Misuse of juveniles in detention centers Research Paper

Misuse of juveniles in detention centers - Research Paper Example These problems cause degradation of the child’s mental and physical health which is explained along each of the issue. At the end, some suggestions are given along with useful tips on how to bring reform and betterment to the system. The conclusion stresses the need to realize the plight of such children and do something about their situation. Keywords: juvenile, detention, sexual abuse INTRODUCTION Juvenile refers to a person who is not yet an adult. The law defines a juvenile to be a person who cannot be held responsible for a crime and cannot be subjected to the sentences reserved for adults. They have separate courts for trials called the Juvenile courts. All the countries have different age definitions for adulthood, but on average we can set the general threshold at 18 years of age. Detentions can be handed to juveniles in juvenile courts over a variety of offenses but these detention terms are different and more lenient as compared to the normal detentions handed out to adults for the same offenses (Krisberg, 2004). There are some laws that are exclusively for juveniles, for instance laws that relate to purchase of alcohol or pornography. The sentences vary in nature from community work to therapy and group discussion behaviors. Tough sentences are only carried out in cases where the crimes are of a significant nature. Though in some developing countries juveniles are send to same prisons as adults. Even in the developed countries, some people are of the view that teenagers should be send to same prisons as normal adults as their crimes have the same repercussions in society. HISTORY The world’s first Juvenile court opened in 1899 in Chicago (Glenn, 2010). Before the nineteenth century juvenile criminals were convicted under the same laws and were termed as young adults. After the advent of the first Juvenile court, the international community eventually realized the need for such courts and separate detention centers. The need arose becaus e when these gullible children were put into prisons where their inmates were mostly seasoned criminals, they came out of the prisons as ones themselves because of the negative influence of those criminals. Some developing nations still don’t possess such separate facilities though. Juvenile courts also take care of the welfare of the children who are abandoned, poor or neglected. Sometimes, crimes such as murders and shootings linked to juveniles are tried in adult criminal courts partly because of the nature and frequency of such crimes and partly because of the public outrage over such crimes (Anderson, 1998 May-June). MSTREATMENT OF JUVENILES Children are an extremely vulnerable class both mentally and physically and therefore, are at the risk of being exploited both outside and inside of detention centers. The main purpose of juvenile detention centers is the rehabilitation of the children. It means that they should be provided with an environment where there problems ca n be handled in a way that makes them give up the habit or act that forced them to end up in the detention center. For example, if the child was convicted for drug abuse, health care should be given to him along with therapy sessions group discussion sessions. But there have been increasing instances where the children have been handled in ways that comes under the

The Google Maps Road Rally Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Google Maps Road Rally - Essay Example Austin spreads into 271.8 squares miles in which 6.9 square miles occupies the water. Austin is located near Colorado River along with three beautiful artificial lakes prefixing with lake named as Bird Lake, Austin, and Walter E. Long. Google maps provide the location of lake Austin as shown in the below figure from the website of Google maps after zooming the location. There is beautiful wildflower meadow and shrub/sapling habitat is evolving as the trees grow in stretch of riverbank besides Colorado River. Other species is also showing presence. Biological diversity, better water quality, improvement in oxygen level and flood control is also helpful maintaining sustainable ecosystem in area. The reservoir created in 1939 supports the electricity generation and flood control measurement in the area. Mount Bonnell is another place of interest in the vicinity of Lake Austin to serve as watchtower for the city dwellers. This serves to provide sightseeing to the visitors from the height of 780-feet with nickname Covert Park in the area of 5.36 acres to enjoy the nature’s beauty present in surrounding hills (â€Å"Google Maps†). Population of city is dominated by 63.7% of White Americans in which 49.9% are non-Hispanic according to the survey of 2005-07. The Hispanic population contributes to the 30.5% of the population. Weather condition of city supports the prevalence of subtropical humid climate that can provide sunny days across most of the time in the year. Snowfalls are rare but, it occurs at the interval of two years. City administration comprises the member of council to maintain the governance and law in the Austin. Politically the city remains divided into the groups of environmentalist and promoters of urban advancement (â€Å"Google Maps†). Economically Austin remains one of the thriving city of the US acting as hub for high tech companies including IT giants such as Dell, IBM, Motorola, HP, Apple. University of Texas remains one

Martin Luther and his Theology on Worship in the Church during the Research Paper

Martin Luther and his Theology on Worship in the Church during the Reformation - Research Paper Example â€Å"Luther thought music to be a gift from God and considered it of the highest importance next to the preaching of the Word (i.e., theology)1† . Luther’s theological views on music and his instigation of different methods of worship in the Catholic Church have helped Christians during the reformation era revitalize their faith. Catholicism is  not  compatible with Lutheran’s brand of liturgy because their religious principles are widely distinct. Catholicism embraced superstition. Catholicism’s worship was grounded on tradition, rather than on the Word of God. Catholicism’s worship remained locked in an incomprehensible language to the masses. Catholicism’s liturgy was static, predictable, meaningless and therefore, not spiritually edifying to the congregant. With such doctrines as the Eucharist, purgatory, the worship of relics, indulgences and Latinized readings, the masses were not being fed nourishing spiritual food which would be salvific in nature and lead to their salvation. Catholicism instructed the multitudes in errors, primarily concerned with death, which warped their perceptions of God, causing them to deviate further from the truth. The Eucharist service is one in which Catholic believers are encouraged to equate the presence of the Lord Jesus with the bread and wine of Communion. The Communion celebrates the death of Christ and in Catholicism, congregants observe more emphatically the sacrifice of the Savior without impressing upon the people’s minds the reality of Christ as a risen Lord. The Catechism affirms that Christ Jesus†¦ â€Å"is present .  .  . most  especially in the Eucharistic species†2 Devotion in honor of the dead is another prevailing conviction advocated in Catholicism. The idea was held in wide currency that the dead somehow acquire divine power when called upon can help the living in distress, because of the alleged virtue of now residing in heaven. For t he Catholic service â€Å"another common practice was the worship of relics, or physical objects such as bones or keepsakes of famous saints†3 . Adherents firmly believed that the possession and worship of relics would sanctify them in some manner and improve their opportunities at being saved. The deception was that the relics were in reality the bones of dead animals which the clergy designated as the bones of saints. Another doctrine forwarded by Catholicism was purgatory. In the Catholic liturgy â€Å"through congregational participation the people could effectively work themselves and their deceased loved ones out of purgatory and into heaven †¦such celebrations included requiem masses, vigils, the common week, and All Souls’ Day†4 (Dieter). Purgatory is the teaching that the souls of the dead are in a state of limbo between heaven and hell. To rescue the deceased souls, the faithful were expected to pay large sums of money for extra masses and prayers so that the dead would be redeemed and enter heaven’s gates. Indulgences is another liturgical rite in which â€Å"pieces of parchment were said to possess the power to credit the buyers with the merits of Christ together with the superabundant merits of all the saints† to deliver the beloved dead from perdition in purgatory. These rounds of superstition only confirmed the belief in error and steered the flock from the principles of justification by faith, the word of God and Jesus Christ alone. As a result, the Reformation rose

Product Excellence Using Six Sigma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Product Excellence Using Six Sigma - Assignment Example The literature on integration method between Design for X and DFSS is explained below which can help in identifying the principles of design for X in the context of DFSS along with the critical analysis on the implementation of Design for excellence and DFSS. The section will first explain the literature on the concept of the design for excellence and then critically evaluate the factors that can identify the loopholes in the designing procedures. Design for X is the term used for the product development. It is referred to as a system or strategy, which is used in the product development lifecycle (Eder & Hosnedi, 2010, p. 180). The design for X is another name of a model for excellence. The system incorporates wide variety and collection of product development design guidelines. In order to improve the technical features of a particular product, the design guidelines provided in the design for X can help in the development, controlling and innovation phase of the product development . The guidelines also educate or increase the procedural knowledge of the engineers, who are involved in the product development cycle with technical expertise. 1. The guidelines are based on the experienced engineers and their past experiences. The new entrants may have the problems of clearly understanding the technicalities, which are described under design for X. The experience-based guidelines may have the dependencies of the context and assumptions on the basis of which the design was developed. Therefore, the design may change over time. It can be explained with the help of the example of apple incorporation i.e. Steve Jobs left Tim Cook some problems such as despite of the fact that Tim Cook initially followed the same designs, which were actually followed by Steve Jobs and used the experienced-based guidelines of Steve Jobs but it was initially proved to be difficult for the Tim cook to understand the fact that the success story of Apple Inc., was not based on the existing designs but on the innovation of new designs at different intervals (Yarow, 2014).  Ã‚  

Participant-Observer Exercise Essay Example for Free

Participant-Observer Exercise Essay First of all, I am grateful to all class members and our instructor for the experience that I was able to acquire during this course. This is a good example of experiential learning – here we all had opportunities to transform our theoretical knowledge into real life experience. It really proved effective. I may also note that the last group engagement exercise did not disprove my previous hypotheses: with time and the experience of joint work we all got more confident about the tasks, and with the raise of confidence our productivity increased. I think we all got to know each other better and it increased the level of confidence. My hypothesis for this week is: â€Å"Group work gets real meaning and becomes more productive when group members bring in their personal insights and personal experiences instead of confining themselves to theorizing and relying on common sense. † At first, we knew each other too little to be open and share our personal experience. With time, we got to know each other better and gradually became more relaxed about sharing our thoughts. I think it had a positive impact on our performance. It helped to provide more examples of the concepts we presented. Our task was to discuss experiential learning and how it assists in exercising leadership and understanding group dynamics. We focused on several chosen principles in our presentation, and each of us was able to vitalize theory by referring to specific examples. This level of openness was quite impossible during the first exercise. Personal insights helped us all better understand theory and make a more interesting presentation. In fact, this experience once again proves Principle 9 that we discussed in our presentation: â€Å"The more supportive, accepting, and caring the social environment, the freer a person is to experiment with new behaviors, attitudes, and action theories† (Johnson Johnson, 2009, p. 51). Since all were open and ready to introduce a personal insight, we felt the environment to be rather supportive and accepting. As a result, we felt more confident and could communicate our thoughts freely. It provided greater value to our group work and helped to fulfill our task more successfully. References Johnson, D. W. , Johnson, F. P. (2009). Joining together: Group theory and group skills. 10th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon.

Organisation of the Body: An Overview of Cell Types

Organisation of the Body: An Overview of Cell Types 1.1) Light microscopes can magnify an object to be seen 400-1000 times. Microscopes that allow electron can magnify up to two million times. This allows scientists to see things in more detail such as cells, this result has given doctors and scientists more understanding and function. Light microscopes use a visible light that bends and passes through the lens. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons for light magnification. Electron microscopes allow higher magnification compared to a light microscope, this then allows a vision in internal structure. Electron is the particle having a negative charge and then orbiting the nucleus, the flow of electrons in the conductor of electricity. Resolution is in which a image can be recorded, or produced. This is often expressed in per unit. To calculate the length of an object that has been magnified. You find the length of the object equals the length of the object after it has been magnified then divide by the magnification. Electron mi croscopes can be very expensive. They need a constant supply of voltage, this then needs to be always stable, monitored and maintained throughout. This machine is man made and can make errors. Only skilled people may use it, without these pro cations the reading may not be accurate. 2.1) The cell wall is located in and around the plasma membranes of different types of cells. Cell wall function is to support protect and allow water, carbon dioxide to diffuse in and out of the cell. Plants have cell walls while animal cells do not. Cell walls are made up of carbohydrates, they give shape to the cell. They help plants keep there shape and allow them to stand straight. The cell wall provides protection against pathogens and other substances that maybe harmful to the cell.  Ã‚   The cell membrane is inside the cell wall. In a animal it is in the outer layer and supports and gives protection, also controls movement of materials in and out of the cell. It is also a barrier between the cell and the cells environment but also maintains homeostasis. The nucleus is located in all cells except prokayotes. The shape is large and oval. The nucleus contains one or sometimes more nucleoli and holds DNA. The nucleus controls the activities in the cell and also contains hereditary material located in the cell. The cytoplasm is located in all cells. It is a clear jelly material. The cytoplasm holds organelles in the cell in place. The cytoplasm has three components, the organelles, cytosol and cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytosol is in part of the cytoplasm, it contains cytoskeleton, molecules salt and water. Organelles are small in structure. They perform a variety of functions. Endoplasmic is in all cells except prukaryoles. It connects to the nuclear envelope and cell membrane. It also carries materials through the cell. This also helps to make proteins. Some of the functions of the endoplasmic are mechanical support, the transport and function of the synthesis, this is especially the transport of proteins. The ribosomes is contained in all cells. The ribosomes synthesizes proteins that will be used inside the cell. Ribosomes are found in the reticulum and can be found around in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are responsible for making and assembling acids and proteins. Ribosomes will be found in the cytoplasm of the cell. The proteins they make will function in the cytosol, they are then moved outside the cell and included in the cells membranes. 3.1) Membrane structure is located in all cells. In plants it is inside the cell wall, in animals it is in the outer layer wall. Most of the cell membrane structure is made up of proteins and phospholipids. The cell membrane structure is not solid. The cell membrane structure gives support and a barrier between the cell and movement. The membrane structure holds everything in but also keeps any harmful things out. 3.2) Diffusion is the spreading of different particles of gas, substance or a solution. The act is the movement of particles, the higher the temperature the faster the particles will move, then the faster the diffusion will take place. Osmosis happens when two solutions are separated this is the movement of water from one area of high to an area of low water across a membrane (semi-permeable). Permeable membranes will let water through but other solution such as sugar cannot flow through freely. The active energy uses energy to move different substances in and out of cells. Active transport is important in the kidneys for keeping a hold of different substances needed by the body. These substances are glucose and ions. 4.1) There are four types of tissues in the human body, epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle. 4.2) Epithelial tissue protects the human body from moisture loss, bacteria and internal injury. There are two types of epithelial tissue in the human body, one covers all the internal and the other external body surfaces and also the outer layer of your skin, the lymph vessels and digestive tract. Glandular epithelial also produces hormones and other products such as, sweat, saliva, stomach acid and milk. Connective tissue holds structures together, the loose connective tissue holds the outer layer of skin and the under layer of muscle tissue. This tissue is also found in lymph nodes, fat layers and red bone marrow. The nervous tissue forms the nervous system. This is responsible for all the movements of the body though its network of nerves. It can bring on the fight or flight response to the body. This response is a survival technique enabling people to react quickly to pain and other life threatening situations. The nervous system is the brain, spinal cord and sensory organs, the se nerves consist with these two parts of the body. Neurons are the structural unit of the nervous system. They communicate within the body by transporting signals. There are three types of neurons, afferent neurons are sensory neurons. They transport sensory signals to the sensory nervous system from other receptors in the human body. Efferent neurons are known as motor neurons and transmit signals from the muscles and glands. Inter neurons form within the central nervous system to relay information received from the afferent neurons and direct the function of the body through effect information, in other words they work together. Muscle tissue forms over the skeleton and is attached to bones and causes movement within the human body. Cardiac muscle is formed and located in the heart. Smooth muscle is located in the walls of the blood vessels, it is also located and found in the digestive and urogenital tracts. 5.1) Cells that join together are not identical but work together to accomplish different functions for the human body. All living things are made up of cells. One cell makes a form of tissue. Nerve cells will form nerve tissue, sweat glands form sweat gland tissue. Skin tissue is made of hair tissue oil and sweat tissue, they all have cells that form from this and are all working together to form the skin. The human body is made of cells, which then form tissue, which then form organs all working together because without this the body would not work. Word count: 1210 Claire Richardson Bibliography: la.a.2.2.1.4.1. (2001-2003). The making of an organ.  Available: www.beaconlearningcentre.com/1966. Last accessed 29 July 2014. BBC teachers. (aqa science). Tissues organs in animals.  Available: gcse bite size. Last accessed 29 July 2014. 1.1) Comparing light and electron microscopes. description usage Light microscope Uses radiation, in the form of light and electron beams. This forms a larger and more detailed image to the human eye. Can be used for looking at specimens. Immediate image. Lower resolution. Can measure living processes taking place, eg cell division. Magnification: x1000 to x 2000 image and quality.. Light microscopes are smaller and lighter and easier to move. Less expensive, wavelength 400-700nm. Wavelength 1nm. The light is via glass lenses. Images can be viewed directly. Eyepiece to use is projector lenses. Source used is light. Electron microscope Uses radiation, in the form of light or electron beams. Uses beams of electrons instead of rays of visible light. Forms highly magnified images of areas materials and biological specimens. Immediate image. Higher resolution in measuring smaller images. Not possible to view and living material due to a vacuum inside the electron microscope. Magnification: x 100,000 sem to tem x 250,000. Two types of electron microscope: transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Form larger images used that the human eye would not see. Techniques used staining, mounting, and slicing. Cost is expensive to run. Use electromagnet(magnetic projector). Effective wavelength 1 nm. 2.1) Organelle Function of the organelle chromatin Is a combination of DNA and other proteins that make up the chrmosomes. Found in nuclear envelope of the eukaryotic cells. The chromosomes are made when there is cell division. Chromatin is in the nucleus of the cell. ribosome Located in the cytoplasm. Make proteins that is used in the cell. Others are found in the enoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic recticulum (rough) Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane that is found in animal cells and plant cells but not in prokaryotic cells. Responsible for transporting proteins and carbohydrates to other organelles. The surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum is with the protein making ribosome, which gives the appearance of a rough surface. It is called rough because it is studded with ribosomes.. Endoplasmic recticulum (smooth) The smooth is a production of metaolism of fats, and steroid hormones. It is also connected with some slippery fats Lymosome Contains digestive enzymes, break down material that enters the cell. Break down components, bacteria and other materials. Enzymes are strong and can destrong cell function if released. Remain in the cell within lysosomes membrane to prevent this. Golgi apparatus This sorts out packaging of proteins for secretion, and also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell. Also the creation of lysosomes. Flagella The flagella is the censory of the organelle. Checks chemical balances and temperature outside the cell. Found in prokaryptic and eukaryotic cells. Mitrochondria Organelles that break down nutrients and creates energy for the cell. Creating cell energy, cellular respiration, similar to the digestive system. Mitochondria are small in size organelles. Nucleus The nucleus creates and regulates cell activity, controls enzymes that are in the cell. Nucleus is found in the eukaryotic cells, contains cells genetics, DNA molecules, in proteins to form chromosomes. 4.2) Red blood cells are found in bone marrow. All blood cells come from bone marrow and form stem cells. Stem cells are found to be imortal, which means they will never die. Not until the human body does. Erythrocytes are also called red blood cells. There function is to help move and transport oxygen in the blood. They are round in shape but are more like disks. Erythrocytes are flexible and have a membrane, this then allows them to move through capillaries. Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen, they then loose nucleus and organelles, then develop in bone marrow. Ciliated epithelial are hairs that sit on top of tissue. They move back and forth and help move things such as mucleus. They are found in the lining of the respitory, where the lungs is. They are also found in the fallopian tubes in women. This tissue contains mucous to help your body act against and move bacteria such as a cold out of the body. Cililated epithelium has cells called goblet cells without this harmful bacteria would stay in the body and cause you to be very sick. A sperm cell looks like a tadpole. The tadpole has a head, tail and neck. The head provides information in the nucleus and the tail makes peopulsion. The head is flat and measures five micrometers long and three micrometres wide. The neck has two features nuceus and the actrosome. The head contains a mebrane that acts in penetrating the female egg. The sperm penetrates the female egg, and produces material that is genetic and reaches the ovum. The neck measures one micrometer in length and contains spermatozoon and also two of centrioles which are needed in cell division. 3.1) Composition is the ingredients in what is made up in the cell as a whole. The cell membrane or lipid bi-layer is the outer layer of a cell, all cells have a membrane and this separates a cell from the environment around them. The cell membrane acts as a guard to inspect what it allows in the cell and what leaves the cell. The cell internal structure is made up of proteins and lipids, depending where in the body the location of the cell is. Lipids help the cell in its flexibility and shape, proteins help in the cells transfer of molecules across the membrane. Receptor proteins in the cell help communicate with other things outside of the cell, this happens through neurotransmitters and hormones. 3.2) Diffusion is water molecules moving from one area of high water to areas of very low water. Osmosis is the movement of molecules through a membrane of high water to a low water of concentration. Active transport is the movement of molecules across the membrane into the high concentration, this is done by and assisted by enzymes and requires energy to do this Diffusion Osmosis Active transport Passive transport Water molecules moving from one area of high water to low water concentration. Moves molecules through a membrane of high water to a low water concentration. Moves molecules across the membrane into high concentration using enzymes and energy. The movement of chemicals across a cell membrane. Irons to a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Does not require energy to move molecules from one point to another point. Does not require energy to move molecules from one point to another point. Requires energy to move molecules from one point to another point. Does not require energy to move molecules from one point to another point. 4.1) The nervous tissue have two main cells neuroglia and neurons. The neuroglia have functions that support the nerve cells but they do not transmit pulses. Neurons are nerve cells and are very sensitive to heat and cold, dark and light. They transmit electric nerves and information around the body. Muscle tissue have three types of tissue, cardiac skeletal and smooth muscles. Muscle helps with posture, and support. Smooth muscle tissue controls movement in the human body and contracts with other tissue in the intestines and stomach. Skeletal tissue help in the movement of bones such as hips and wrists, this is enclosed in connective tissue(epimysium). The epithelial tissue covers the whole of the body. It is made of cells with one or more layers. It covers all external and internal layers. Types of tissue Structure and function of tissue Nerve tissue Have two cells neurolia and neurons. Have functions that support nerve cells but do not transmit pulses. Neurons sensitive to heat, and cold. Dark and light.transmit signals and information around the body. Muscle tissue Three types of tissue cardiac, skeletal and smooth. Helps with posture and support, controls movement, contracts with other tissues. Connective tissue Provides movement in bones that is present in connective tissue. Epithelial tissue Covers all the body, made up of cells that have one or more layers. Covers all internal and external layers. 5.1) The human body consists of the head and skull which also contains the brain. The pharynx is in the throat, the larynx is at the back of the mouth, the lympth nodes are in the neck, the heart is in the middle of the chest wall. The lungs are behind the ribs, there is arteries in the arms and there is muscle near the skeleton. The spleen is above the stomach, each organ is linked to another organ and they all work together for the human body to work. The brain sends signals to different parts of the body for them to work. Without these signals you could not function. If the brain is dead the rest of the body does not work. The human hand provide the body with support to move objects in many ways. Each hand has twenty seven different bones and ligaments. The hand join on to the wrist and provide flexible movement and wrist action. The hand is also coverd with skin. The nerves are extended into the palm. There are eight carpal bones in the wrist that are bound. The hand is used for movement and picture up abjects. The hand provides the body with a lot of support. Claire Richardson Word count: 2765 Bibliography: nner body. (1999-2013). Hand and wrist.  Available: page 1. Last accessed 30 july 2014. nner body. (1999-2013).  Hand and wrist.  Available: page 1. Last accessed 30 july 2014. microscope resolution. (2001-2003).human biology.Available: compound microscopes. Last accessed 29 july 2014.

Alternative Solutions Computer System :: Computer Science

Alternative Solutions Computer System Using a computer system would solve a lot of problems. When a customer wants to join the shop bonus club, their information could be added to a special file. All the information would be stored in a database using a program such as "access" in three tables, stock table, customer table, and employee table. This data would be linked Using a HCI like Visual Basic, someone in the company could create an easy way for customers to add their details, amend current details or delete their details if they wanted to stop being a member. The staff would use this same idea but the Vb program would be linked to the employee table instead of the customer, and the same with the stock. Manual Solution You could install a filling cabinet with dividers in, separating data into alphabetical order. If users wanted to add, delete or amend their details they would have to use a pen and paper to do it. Advantages for computerized solution: 1. It would be quick and easy to recall information by using a user friendly interface. 2. It would save room, as you wouldn't have to have a large filling cabinet in the room. 3. With different features such as clipart, if you ever need to create documents such as flyers or posters, you can add computer graphics. 4. A lot of information can be stored on the hard drive. 5. If a mistake is made it can be easily corrected. 6. Updates to information would be instant. 7. It is quick so staff wont waste time, meaning the business saves money. 8. With the link to the tills the database will constantly be updated. Disadvantages for computerized solution: 1. It would be expensive to install. 2. It would be expensive to train staff how to use different programs. Advantages for Manual solution 1. It would be cheap to install. 2. Staff would not have to be trained to use the system. 3. New documents would be easy to place in the cabinet as it is kept in alphabetical order. Disadvantages for Manual Solution 1. The filing cabinet that would store all the information would take up a lot of office space. 2. If there were a fire, flood or robbery all documents would be lost as there are no backups. 3. To keep the system neat and in order whoever was viewing the documents or adding a document would have to be very careful that they

Essay --

John Keen English 101-003 Amy Borders 14 March 2014 The Media Bias That Affected the 2012 Presidential Election President Barack Obama was re-elected to a second term as President of the United States in November of 2012. When giving his acceptance speech Obama was quick to thank his wife and family, his campaign officials, the voters, and everybody that worked so hard to help him get re-elected. One group left out of this display of gratitude, and perhaps the most influential one, was the mainstream media. The media plays a huge role in how viewers formulate their opinions, which in turn become deciding factors when choosing a President. The mainstream media has a responsibility to present the candidates in an unbiased manner, so that the electorate can make a truly educated decision as to the best candidate for the office at hand. While some may argue that the media presents an unbiased view of each candidate, this is not always the case. When looking back at the 2012 Presidential election, there are several examples where the media coverage aided the candidacy of Barack Obama and hindered the candidacy of Mitt Romney. The media outlets handled the candidates very differently when came to blundering comments. For example, the media came down hard on Romney for his comment about 47% of Americans not voting for him. In a secretly recorded conversation about campaign strategy, Romney made the statement the 47% of voters are dependent upon the government, and they believe that the government should provide them with food, healthcare, jobs, housing, along with whatever else they need. He made the comment that these voters would vote for the current president â€Å"no matter what,† and he said that his job was not to worry ... ...ced a great deal of negative reporting during the 2012 Presidential election, the majority of that reporting was about insignificant matters and came during the Primary stage where he did not face any competition. Once the election became between himself and Mitt Romney, the coverage was overwhelmingly positive toward the President. Opponents argue that the criticism that President Obama received over high gas prices, the bad economy, and national health care were unjustified and presented an unbalanced attack on the Obama Campaign. Factual reporting of current events but where were they when the media was criticizing President George W. Bush? National Healthcare has been a subject of debate since the early Clinton administration In weighing the evidence both for and against a media bias in favor of Barack Obama it is important to look at a variety of evidence. Essay -- John Keen English 101-003 Amy Borders 14 March 2014 The Media Bias That Affected the 2012 Presidential Election President Barack Obama was re-elected to a second term as President of the United States in November of 2012. When giving his acceptance speech Obama was quick to thank his wife and family, his campaign officials, the voters, and everybody that worked so hard to help him get re-elected. One group left out of this display of gratitude, and perhaps the most influential one, was the mainstream media. The media plays a huge role in how viewers formulate their opinions, which in turn become deciding factors when choosing a President. The mainstream media has a responsibility to present the candidates in an unbiased manner, so that the electorate can make a truly educated decision as to the best candidate for the office at hand. While some may argue that the media presents an unbiased view of each candidate, this is not always the case. When looking back at the 2012 Presidential election, there are several examples where the media coverage aided the candidacy of Barack Obama and hindered the candidacy of Mitt Romney. The media outlets handled the candidates very differently when came to blundering comments. For example, the media came down hard on Romney for his comment about 47% of Americans not voting for him. In a secretly recorded conversation about campaign strategy, Romney made the statement the 47% of voters are dependent upon the government, and they believe that the government should provide them with food, healthcare, jobs, housing, along with whatever else they need. He made the comment that these voters would vote for the current president â€Å"no matter what,† and he said that his job was not to worry ... ...ced a great deal of negative reporting during the 2012 Presidential election, the majority of that reporting was about insignificant matters and came during the Primary stage where he did not face any competition. Once the election became between himself and Mitt Romney, the coverage was overwhelmingly positive toward the President. Opponents argue that the criticism that President Obama received over high gas prices, the bad economy, and national health care were unjustified and presented an unbalanced attack on the Obama Campaign. Factual reporting of current events but where were they when the media was criticizing President George W. Bush? National Healthcare has been a subject of debate since the early Clinton administration In weighing the evidence both for and against a media bias in favor of Barack Obama it is important to look at a variety of evidence.

Integration Paper

ON-THE-JOB TRANING at JR AND R DISTRIBUTORS, INC. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Submitted by: Dilag, Mary Grace S. Submitted to: Juville C. Ranises November 12, 2012 I. Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. Table of Contents Brief History/ Background of the Company/ Company Profile Summary of the OJT Experience Assessment of the OJT/Practicum Program A. New Knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired B. Theories actually seen in practice C. Feedback that can be given to the company or institution D. Benefits gained E. Problems Encountered Related reading: Theories Actually Seen in PracticeV. Appendices A. Company brochure and/ or pamphlet B. Copy of Endorsement Letter C. Copy of the Training Plan D. Copy of the signed Waiver Form E. Daily Time Record F. Quarterly Performance Appraisal Form G. Certificate of Completion 2 I. BRIEF HISTORY, BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY/COMPANY PROFILE ? History JR&R Distributors, Inc. was established in March 1993 and appointed as the Authorized Distributor of Procter & Gamble Philippines, Inc. for the CAMANAVA (Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas & Valenzuela) area. It began its business with eight (8) delivery vans and a working capital of Php 10M a month.At the same time, it consisted of manpower of 20. Four months after, it was awarded the Novaliches and Quezon City Area. In April 2001, the area of Bulacan was given to JR&R. Since then, the company has continued to expand. Today, JR&R stands as one of the biggest Procter & Gamble distributors in the country. Its working capital has increased to Php 150M with a manpower complement of over 1,000 employees and operates with one hundred twenty-four (124) delivery vans and trucks. ? Work Values The company believes that good values provide a strong â€Å"backbone† to a growing company. The ompany supports values to guide all employees in maintaining high standards of ethical conduct and behavior. These values are: ? HONESTY – being truthful and â€Å"up front† with our co-workers, customers, communities and shareholders. ? INTEGRITY – saying what we mean and meaning what we say; delivering what we promise; standing for what is right. ? RESPECT – treating one another with fairness and dignity; appreciating the unique abilities and strengths of the individual and the advantages of diversity. ? TRUST – building team spirit and confidence by communicating openly and honestly and delivering our promises. RESPONSIBILITY – taking the initiative to speak up and report concerns regarding ethical conduct and to seek reliable guidance when in doubt. ? CITIZENSHIP AND PATRIOTISM – obeying the laws of the land and taking an active role in making the communities where we operate better. ? Teamwork at JR & R The Company values TEAM relationship among employees regardless of rank. The Company believes that employees work together in harmony to accomplish given responsibilities and that everyone strives to maintain and be a part of the organization in the attainment of INDUSTRIAL PEACE.As a member of the TEAM, every employee exerts his best efforts for the company to achieve active leadership in the industry, something that every employee would be proud of. 4 ? JR & R Distributors, Inc. Vision We are the undisputed leader in our area of responsibility in terms of market share and profitable volume growth. Our business processes and customer service are most preferred by our customers over that of internal and external competitors. We continue to lead in current best approaches and innovate on best practices for effectiveness and efficiency.We are the envy of our peers, competitors and customers in our manner and level of business results. We are an organization of world class employees. Our success lies in the ownership of our people on core processes and results. Our employees can handle multiple tasks and responsibilities. Our sustainable growth comes from our drive to continually improve and excel. Our people are highly motivated and well compensated for their business and personal contribution to the company. Financial leadership is our key strength. We excel in using financial data to plan, analyze and improve our business.We are the benchmark for cost efficiency in the industry. Our expertise in cost management allows us to reinvest long term and improve our employees’ standard of living and increase our leadership share in the market. Together, we are the No. 1 Distributor always in all ways. III. SUMMARY OF THE OJT EXPERIENCE Fin ally my 486 hours of OJT is finally done. For a month and a half I learned a lot of things. I had my OJT at JR & R Distributors Inc, at first it’s hard for me to wake up too early and ride all alone to office and specially riding a bus but as time goes by my body is now used to my daily routine.On our first day we had our orientation where we talked about the history of the company, the people behind its success, the policies, benefits, codes of conducts, etc. And then Ma’am Louise route us to the whole company for us to be familiar with the place, she introduced us to the whole group of Human Resource Department and as well as to the other department and companies that are under the JR and R Distributors Group of Companies. And also this is the first time that we met our buddy in the office the PHOTOCOPY MACHINE! Ma’am Regine is the one who taught us the do’s and don’ts of the machine.What I learned and experience during OJT is that talent alone i s not enough. It is important, but it is no guarantee of success. One must also be hard-working and should practice self-discipline. Sacrifice is important, too. I learned how to love my job and all the staffs. I learned to appreciate the work given to me. I was so dedicated that I do all my best to give correct service but sometimes there were errors. 6 For me on-the-job training gives us a taste of the real world–a glimpse of what lies ahead after we graduate.I’ve been too caught up with work as if I were actually a regular employee of the company and as if I were being compensated for my work. I guess it comes with the territory of being a/an practicum, OJT, intern. I would have preferred it to be this way though rather than doing nothing at all or being made as gophers. If there’s anything that I’ve learned to do, more than anything else, it’s enhancing my communication skills and enhancing my skills in the field of Information Technology. I ki nd of feel proud of myself. I started out with nothing and worried as hell that I wouldn’t be able to do the job.In sum, the whole OJT experience wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be. In fact, the 486 hours was a breeze except for those days when I had a hard time waking up, when traffic was really bad and when I was feeling lazy and out of it. Going to work and seeing some friendly faces helped a great deal. Having to do OJT with friends made it a whole lot easier for me. Furthermore, I’m very grateful that they expose me so much on what I must know regarding the work which suits my course. I’m very thankful that they treat me like them and they trust me with my work.I appreciate so much the working environment I had within the company because it helps me absorbed what I need to know. IV. ASSESSMENT OF THE OJT /PRACTICUM PROGRAM A. New knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired We learned how to interact with different people and how to be more flexible and how to be more responsible when it comes to our duties specially in monitoring the system, we also learned how to used different software applications used by our company. B. Theories actually seen in practice A Marketing and Information Technology theory is always what we seen. C.Feedback that can be given to the company or institution Working in JR and R Distributors, Inc. Company is a great experience, working with my co workers is not that much pressure and they also provide a allowance for their OJT trainee. 8 D. Benefits gained Experience is gained through time. The longer I do something the more I learn. The faster I gain knowledge & become a productive employee. I become more familiar with interpersonal relationships, networking, responsibility and the importance of interdependence within the working environment and I provided with job experience, an invaluable asset for achieving gainful employment.E. Problems encountered Making mistake on my first day is so embarrassi ng and during On-the-job training is that you have to get along with the employees. You have to know them better. And in technical part we encountered down system. V. APPENDICES A. Company Brochure and/or pamphlet 10 B. Endorsement Letter C. Training Plan D. Waiver Form 12 D. Waiver Form E. Daily Time Record 14 16 F. Appraisal Form 18 G. Certificate of Completion

Music Teacher

Reflective Essay #5 I value everything about music. I believe that it promotes many good things, including creativity and cooperation, and it encourages and helps build friendship. I believe that there is one thing that it does that is most important, however. It helps to build confidence. Confidence is a huge factor in a person’s life, and it usually starts as a child. It helps them to make friends, and to feel good about themselves. Involvement in music helps to start building self-confidence in children gradually and not forcefully.Most of the time, children don’t even know that it’s happening; I didn’t realize it until I started college. Performing in front of an audience gives a person courage that they didn’t even know that they possessed, and they can then go on to use this courage and confidence in other situations in their lives, thus creating a better life for them. Music education is the best teacher of this self-confidence, and I believe that most children wouldn’t have the same confidence if they didn’t have a music class every week.This is a very strong point that I would make as a school board member. I believe that self-confidence is a huge component of life, and that it should be taught or encouraged starting at a young age. Music definitely teaches this, along with other great things such as creativity, cooperation, and friendship, which is why children should have a music class at least once a week, starting in kindergarten. These values would influence my teaching in a couple ways.It would help me to prepare students for concerts, starting to build their confidence before they perform for an audience. I would also prepare them so that they wouldn’t have to add the worry of forgetting their music to the fear of performing. I also get performance anxiety, so I understand how much preparation really helps aid a performance. Self-confidence is a huge part of life, and it is partially taught through music performance.

Evolution of Theoretical Knowledge of nursing Essay

The ultimate goal of the nurse is to maintain, and restore the health of the patient. Nursing is considered both a â€Å"science† and an â€Å"art†. The application of nursing knowledge and the technical aspects of the practice is considered the â€Å"science†. The establishment of a caring relationship through the application of nursing knowledge and judgment is used in a compassionate manner and is seen as an â€Å"art†. (College of Nurses 1999 June Nursing and You Volume1, number 3 p3) This paper will attempt to explain the four concepts of the nursing metapardigm as it relates to the person environment, health and nursing. A person is seen as an individual possessing their own uniqueness, personalities and having their individual needs. A person should be treated with respect and dignity regardless of their cultural, religious, socio-economic class, marital status or sexual preferences. The individual should not encounter any bias or discrimination in school, employment or when the need arises for medical care. Each person has their basic needs that must be met while progressing through the different stages of development. One should be given choices, and be allowed to have an input in their care or treatment plan. They should be allowed to excel and strive to achieve their goals. Be able to reside and work in their chosen location and field as long as they are qualified for the job. They are usually part of a family belonging to a cultural group, living within a community or region of their choice. The environment can be open or closed. It can contribute to the building or endangering of the persons self esteem. One might adapt to the environment depending on one’s personal preference. A person might be seen in the eyes of others as the product of their environment that might be interpreted as a negative or a positive statement. Depending on one’s interpretation of the statement. Some environments have sub-cultures within the environment. Each group has different beliefs, such as religion, diet, attire, and dialects. The environment sometimes contributes to some medical problems, for example respiratory problems. Nurses unfamiliar with the laws and customs of the environment might need to familiarize themselves with cultural practices. What is appropriate and inappropriate for that culture for example male  nurses not allowed to give care to fema le patients in that environment and vice versa. Nurses might need to observe the environment for safety precautions and life threatening situations. Which will contribute or cause an illness, or preventing recovery. The environment is considered home and that is were the person resides. It is a familiar surrounding for the individual. Health can be defined as freedom from either a mental or physical condition, which impedes one from performing activities of daily living or preventing the person from functioning at their optimum level, for that individual. The person is considered mentally or physically stable or unstable depending on the diagnosis he/she is assigned. Health is when a person is in a state of well-being. The individual has been free of pain and disease. The patient is always the focus; therefore it is called â€Å"patient focused care†. Health is considered the quality of life, when an individual is independent and able to function without any obstacles of impedement. Nursing can be defined as one being trained in both theory and practice. Virgina Henderson also stated that â€Å"nursing is an independent unique health profession carrying out activities with or on behalf of the patient that contributes to health or recovery (or to a peaceful death) that the patient would perform unaided given the necessary strength, will or knowledge†. (Nursing Foundation (1999) Basic Elements of Selected Conceptual Models p 314). In nursing the nurse should be able to critical think, be caring, competent, compassionate and have a conscience according to Roach. (Roach 1992). Nursing would include, doing a nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing care plan, and a nursing interventions. Starting with short-term goals, and upon achieving short-term goals for the patient, then proceed to long-term goals. Goals should be realistic. Then evaluate and reassess if the needs arises. Problem solving and treating the patients as human, the same way you would like to be treated. Working in a mental Health hospital, the client is seen as a whole person, a human being. A person who is unable to cope, survive or function at their optimum level in the community, due to mental illness. Patients diagnosed with a mental illness, and are being cared for in the hospital. Their mental  status is monitored, and they are assessed on an ongoing basis. Patients are encouraged by nursing staff to verbalize their concerns, so staff can be aware of their needs, which will promote stabilization of the patient, diagnosed with a mental disorder. The environment in which the patient resides should be non-threatening therapeutic and be conducive to healing. The environment might be seen as open or closed depending on one’s perception. Health is interpreted differently, depending on the cultural, religious background of the person and their knowledge base, regarding health. With mental illness, the patient’s medication might need to be adjusted. Which will modify the behaviour and stabilized the patient at the same time. Assisting the patient to function at their optimum level, giving choices and promoting independence. My thinking represents a combination of worldviews. I looked at the whole person; reflect on the things that I could have done better. I attempt to understand the behaviors and practices of certain cultures. Gaining an understanding of the culture by using the deductionist path of science along with historical views of the person within the environment. As environment shape behaviors at times, I look at a combination of worldviews to determine each metapardigm.

Billabong Analysis

Billabong International Limited is an Australian based clothing company that established its business in 1980’s and expanded internationally through its franchises and acquisitions. The business is engaged in the marketing, distribution, wholesaling and retailing of apparel, eyewear, accessories, wetsuits and hard goods in the boardsports sector under the Billabong, Element, Von Zipper, Honolua Surf, Kustom, Palmers Surf, Xcel, Tigerlily, Sector 9 and RVCA brands (Billabongbiz, 2013). The company is headquartered in Queensland, Australia with 6,000 employees and they operate across many countries such as Australia, North America, Europe, Japan and the rest of  the world.Billabong has emerged a number of sports and youth labels such as RVCA, and Surjection (Billabongbiz, 2013). They continue to expand their brand image by sponsoring promotional events and some of the athletes. The rival brands of Billabong are Quicksilver and Rip Curl as these companies are iconic surf brands . In order to perform Billabong International Limited effectively, the board of directors are structured into six non-executive directors, two executive directors and the chairman who are responsible for the shareholders of Billabong. However, due to recent recession, the new CEO, Launa Inman, has been appointed.2 – Financial AnalysisThe profitability performance of Billabong International Limited is not effective as it is -45.71% in Q2, 2013 (Google Finance, 2013). Similarly, net profit margin of the company is -50.72% which represents the profit after subtracting the indirect expenses. Overall profit performance is showing a negative sign and the firm have experienced shrinking sales and rising debts. However, with respect to gross profit margin, it shows a positive figure as it amounts to 50.21% in Q2, 2013.This shows that the profitability after accounting for the cost of goods sold is good and highly effective for the company, but the negative net profit implies that the indirect expenses of the company are significantly higher. The plans of the company are to focus on its core brands in the next four years, cut styles by 15% and achieve improvement in its supply chain for both the wholesale and retail operations2.1 Identification and evaluation of Billabong’s global strategyThe marketing mix helps a business to determine its sales and finally determine the success or failure of a business. For this reason, it is the most essential element of business when determining a marketing plan. Billabong International Limited makes broad use of the marketing mix in their marketing plan.Billabong International Limited has diversified their product range not only  related to surfing. Their positioning strategy is a high quality, high priced, fashionable product. Billabong gains customer satisfaction by offering quality products that is not vulnerable or ruined easily despite the harsh conditions of many of their products intended uses, such as swimme rs, skis and snowboards. Billabong has been successful in making brand images by appealing as an internationally known for professional surfing, and through its wave logo and sponsorship of international events.By doing this, it has not only gained international markets, however it has also become a prestige and status symbol for its target market. The product and positioning of Billabongs products is the most important element in its marketing mix as it ensures the long term survival of the company and continued high sales. By meeting customer demand, positioning itself as a well-known and trusted brand with a vast amount of prestige it has ensured that sales remain high.2.1.2 PromotionBillabong uses a strong promotion mix to highlight and reinforce its image and product. A combination of an interactive website, promotional magazines and flyers, personal in store selling and strong public relations through both sponsorship of sporting events and famous athlete using Billabong produ cts have generated a strong brand images amongst its industry. Billabongs sponsorship of international sporting events and sporting stars also helps to promote their brand not only in Australia but also on the international market as well.2.1.3 PriceBillabong uses a competition-based pricing method in which it sets its prices at a similar level to those of its competitors to ensure that their customers will not wish to buy the cheaper products. However, Billabong is awkwardly positioned between Rip Curl and Quicksilver. Especially wetsuits and women’s jeans are higher than Quicksilver’s. They rarely use below market value pricing to avoid creating a image of less prestigious products.Surf brands – Average price comparison(Source: EDITD, 2013)2.1.4 PlaceBillabong uses various methods to ensure that their product reaches the market place. With stores in more than 100 countries Billabong uses wholesalers to ensure that their products reach the retailers. Billabongs positioning also comes into effect with place as it must ensure that its product remains out of discount and department stores and remains only in specialty stores. Because of this Billabong has adopted an exclusive distribution network where the product is only available in specialty surf shops.2.2 – SWOT AnalysisA business can implement a SWOT analysis to decide which marketing strategy to apply.2.3 – Current Target MarketBillabong is a brand which offers various types of products designed to accommodate various lifestyles. Their extensive product ranges are for surfers, boarders, beach lovers, and the sensible fashion people. Even though it is difficult to identify comprehensive characteristics of this industry, the majority of consumers are males and females who are aged between 14 and 29. (Goldcoast, 2013)According to Australian Business Solution (2011), there are an increasing number of casual dress codes at Australian workplaces and social gatherings which has led to a high demand for affordable and modern look at workplaces. Billabong’s new casual-line is aiming to meet such demand and targeting office workers.Due to Billabong’s sports image, it has been entrenched in consumers’ mind especially among teenagers and youths. When these consumers grow older, they will be pleased to see Billabong to provide expanded casual-line offering to meet their new needs. The new product line is a modern, up-scale look but also inexpensive casual dress codes at workplaces. Therefore, it will better resonate with age group 25 to 39 years old who have built careers and gained stronger buying power.2.4 – Reasons for Billabong’s international expansionAustralia has small population compare to other regions that place significant restrictions on its total sales revenue and Billabong’s future objectives. Billabong’s expansion helped to boost their total sales revenue by over 70% in 2003-04. Increase in sales ha s also allowed the firm to lower its production cost by achieving economies of scale and lower risks. In 2003, Billabong adapted video conference technology in order to make the communication and exchange of ideas across the world for its overseas offices easier.Furthermore, by working in more than 100 countries obtained cushion impacts of the entry of a new competitor and economic cycle into any of their industries. Global expansion supported the extension product life cycle for numerous products and easier access to resources and technology.3. Identification and evaluation of the external environmentTo better understand Billabong’s global expansion strategy, both Porters Five Forces and a PESTEL analysis will be undertaken.3.1 – Porters Five Forces3.1.1 The CompetitionSince 1970s, there was a significant rising popularity of the beach and surfing, and then three major companies (Billabong, Quicksilver and Rip Curl) have become a symbolic of surfing. These brands mana ge to establish strong credibility within surfing subculture and it was also equally consumable by non-surfers who identified with the lifestyle. In the 1990s and 2000s, Billabong started to aggressively pursue international expansion by emerging sports and youth labels such as RVCA and Nixon watches to gain market share. However, in 2012, there was a significant loss of $287m. (Billabongbiz, 2013)3.1.2 New EntrantsThere is still room for a new entrant as the global demand for surfing apparel is expected to remain strong. For instance, Hollister – Abercrombie & Fitch started off with a local manufacture that successfully moved into surfing clothes and retailing. Moreover, smaller brands like Byron Bay label, Afends has dramatically grown in the last decades by selling its  products through independent and online stores. Afrends gained reputations among young surfers and skaters from Australia and California.3.1.3 Suppliers PowerAs Billabong has become an internationally wel l-known brand, they outsource its manufacturing by using small to mid-sized companies in order to keep economies of scale. Billabong uses Hong Kong as the central sourcing division to provide most of its products to Australia and New Zealand. These suppliers have no bargaining powers.3.1.4 Consumers PowerDue to the size of Australia population, consumers actually have not enough bargaining power. However, to the global extent, consumers are likely to find other tailors which would provide products that would be cheaper than existing ones.3.1.5 Product SubstitutesAccording to the Urban Market Research (UMR) survey, findings indicate that Nike (13%) has overtaken the lead from Billabong (10%) as the best choice for Australia’s youth. Other rival brands such as Quicksilver and Rip Curl have also expanded their popularity. Young females prefer ‘disposable fashion’ with affordable price such retailers like Cotton on and Supre. Country Road and Colorado would be other substitutes for Billabong, but it has different quality and style compare to Billabong.3.2 – Industry Analysis3.3 – PESTEL Analysis3.3.1 – Political factorsBenefit from the worldwide trade barriers which allowed exportation procedures much easier for Billabong International Limited to other regions. The rate of import duty decreased from 17.5% in 2005 to 10% in 2010 as the Australian governments maintained tariff barriers for protecting the domestic clothing and manufacturing industry. (Wellers, S., 2007) The announcement of bilateral trade agreements by World Trade Orgainisation  (WTO) has affected Billabong International Limited. Since 2005, all Australian businesses required to produce their financial reports to International Financial Reporting Standards. Hence, it makes easier for Australian accounting standards into global practices and cost of implementation was significant.3.3.2 – Economic factorsThe growing popularity of surfing and skateboardi ng has been impacted by improvement in standard of living and the consumer spending power. As Billabong International’s products are distributed in more than 100 countries and the majority of the revenue is generated by other regions, the firm is continually influenced by fluctuations in currency. Every each year, value of earnings has shown loss when it was reported in Australian dollars. From the global point of view, Billabong’s global expansion was encouraged by its high incomes from Asia and South America that enabled to create new markets.3.3.3 – Social factorsBillabong’s brand awareness has been influenced by the growing popularity of surfing and skateboarding among the broader community. Identifying customer tastes were depends on various types of traditions and cultures. For instance, U.S preferred bright colours products while Australia preferred faded and weather beaten colours. Complications in writing contracts with different languages have e ncouraged the firm’s ability to operate in global markets. – errors on contracts could lead to future conflicts. Difference in oragnisational culture and practices on different regions are their major concerns. For instance, Australia has relaxed working environment while U.S and Japan are more intense. Further, European countries are imposed on limiting working hours by governments.3.3.4 – Technological factorsCable television and internet has attracted millions of new customers in surfing and skateboarding which helped Billabong’s products market towards a wider customer base. E-commerce has simplified the logistical and oragnisational difficulties when operating a global business.3.3.5 – Environmental factorsConsumers pay more attention on environmentally friendly products – source of materials, where materials are sourced, and whether production processes have negative impacts on the environment.3.3.6 – Legal factorBillabong ensur es to protect intellectual property rights issues such as brand logo, names and trademarks from unauthorised piracy.

Work Family Conflict

Hypotheses Hal- Individuals who report telecommuting will report less work-family conflict than those who do not report telecommuting. H2O – Individuals who report being able to take work home to complete will report less work-family conflict than those who do not report being able to take work home.. HA – Individuals who report having a flexible work schedule will report less work- family conflict than those who do not report having a flexible schedule. HA – Individuals who report taking a family leave will report less work-?family conflict than individuals who do not report taking a leave..HA – Reporting to a family-supportive supervisor will be related to the use of (a) telecommuting, (b) taking work home, (c) flexible hours, and (d) family leave. HA – There will be a negative relationship between reporting to a family-supportive supervisor and work-family conflict. HA – Having a family-supportive supervisor will mediate the relationship b etween (a) telecommuting, (b) taking work home, (c) flexible work hours, and (d) family leave and work-family conflict.Method Sample for the study was drawn from two sources (alumni of the College of Business f a public university and students enrolled in an evening MBA program there). Consent forms, questionnaires, and return mail envelopes were sent to alumni along with a letter requesting their participation. Only 12% of the alumni returned usable questionnaires. The low rate of returns was due to incorrect addresses and the fact that alumni were told they were only eligible to participate in the study if they were currently working and had a supervisor.For the MBA students, consent forms and questionnaires were distributed during class time. Students were told they only would fill out a questionnaire if they were employed by an organization. In total, 140 alumni and 71 MBA students returned questionnaires. Given the focus of the study was on work-family conflict, the only Indivi duals Include In the analyses were individuals who were working at least 35 hours per week and who had responsibility for whom an individual had responsibility. Given the sample inclusion criteria, the study ended up with a sample of 96 individuals (83 alumni and 13 MBA students).Of those individuals, 86 reported having childcare responsibility; eight individuals ported being responsible for another person, and two persons reported being responsible for both children and others. In order to ensure accuracy of the self- reported information, the alumni and the MBA students who returned questionnaires were asked to supply the name and address of a person whom they felt was quite familiar with their work and family life. A questionnaire was sent to those significant others along with a letter explaining why they were contacted.Of the 96 persons who comprised of the main sample, 53 questionnaires from significant others were received. Results Childcare responsibility, non-child responsi bility, and the use of family-friendly practices, questionnaire responses were made on a 7-point scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). Participants were asked-?†On average, how many hours do you work per week? ‘ , â€Å"How many children do you have under your career, and â€Å"Do you have care giving responsibilities for someone other than a child? ‘ (coded 1 = no, 2 = yes).As noted in the study, in order to be included in the analyses, an individual had to be employed, have a supervisor, be working at least 35 hours per eek, and be responsible for a dependent. With regard to the mean number of hours worked, the 96 individuals comprising the main sample reported working 47. 21 hours (SD = 6. 21). In terms of child dependents, the mean number reported was 1. 89 (SD = 1. 08). In terms of being responsible for non-child dependents, of the ten individuals reporting such responsibility, no one reported being responsible for more than one person. 6 indi viduals reported taking work home (58%), 55 individuals reported working flexible hours (57%), 23 individuals reported using family leave (24%) and even individuals reported telecommuting (7%). Of the 96 employees in the sample, two reported using all four family-friendly practices, 12 reported using three practices, 24 reported using two practices, 49 reported using one practice, and nine individuals reported using no practices. Hypothesis 1 predicted that individuals who reported telecommuting would report less work-family conflict.This hypothesis was not supported for either self-reports of work-family conflict (r = -. 01) or reports of significant others (r = -. 07). Hypothesis 2 predicted that individuals who reported Ewing able to take work home to complete would report less work-family conflict. No support was found for this hypothesis for either self-reports of conflict (r = . 17) or significant other reports (r = . 10). In fact, for self-reports, the correlation attained a p. 05 level of statistical significance but in the direction opposite of that predicted. In contrast to the results for Hypothesis 1 and 2, Hypothesis 3 received strong support.Individuals who reported having flexible work hours also reported lower levels of work-family conflict (r = -. 22, p. 05). The results for significant other reports of conflict also supported Hypothesis 3 (r = -. 23, p. 05). In terms of Hypothesis 4 individuals who reported having made use of family leave reported lower levels of work-family conflict (r = -. 21, p. 05). On the other hand, significant other reports of conflict did not support Hypothesis 4 (r = -. 11). Hypothesis 5 predicted that individuals who reported to family-supportive supervisors would make greater use of family-friendly (r = . 8, p. 05) were significant at the . 05 level. Hypothesis 6 predicted that individuals porting to a family-supportive supervisor would report lower levels of work-family conflict. This hypothesis was supported both for self-reports of work-family conflict (r -? -. 54, p. 01) and significant other reports of conflict (r = -. 38, p. 01). In summary, with the exception of the relationship between taking work home to complete and self- reports of work-family conflict, all of the other relationships between the use of family-friendly practices and work-family conflict were mediated.Discussion The study hypothesized that telecommuting, taking work home, having flexible hours, ND taking a family leave each would be negatively related to reports of work-family conflict. Strong support for Hypothesis 3 (I. E. , the use of flexible hours was negatively correlated with both self-reports and significant other reports of work-family conflict). This information may prove to be advisable for many organizations to offer flexible hours to their employees. In addition to focusing on the use of family-friendly practices, the study also examined the effects of reporting to a family-supportive supervisor.It was f ound that reporting to such a supervisor was positively related to he use of flexible hours and family leave. In terms of the correlation (r = . 14) between having a family-supportive supervisor and telecommuting, it may be premature to dismiss this relationship because it did not meet the p. 05 threshold that was used throughout this paper (this correlation was significant at the p. 10 level). Criticism Limitations for this given study are as follow: The response rate for the alumni survey was lower than the study would have liked. Another limitation is the low base rate for a few of the variables that were examined (I. . The use of telecommuting). A third limitation to note was the educated nature of the sample (everyone in the sample was a college graduate). Application This study could be expanded to include a larger population of employees, such as non-college graduates. It could also be expanded to other professions/departments in the organization. In future studies, it might also be worthwhile to consider coworker support for balancing work and family responsibilities (e. G. , are coworkers willing to switch work days or work hours to accommodate family responsibilities? ).

Green Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Green Power - Essay Example Furthermore Green Power is associated with a cleaner environment devoid of pollution. The Green energy sources include wind, solar, biomass and water. Renewable energy plants can provide a constant flow of power which can be the greatest realization for humanity. Presently this is not the case. There is a clarion call across the world for the adoption of Green energy in a bid to conserve Mother Nature. Indeed, the call for these safer and non-pollutant forms of energy cannot really be emphasized. Several researches have demonstrated the great harm done across the world through the usage of oil and other forms of energy not classified under this category. In few countries across the world, Green Power contributes substantially toward the total national grid. However, in most countries, the consumption of green energy is still very limited to the extent of 2 to 5% for most developed countries. Such a trend worries considering that the world’s oil resources are running out at amazing rates. It certainly calls for alternative measures to be put in place in order to address the situation before issues go haywire. The greatest challenge facing the consumption of Green Power across the world is the already established infrastructure that serves the consumers. The incorporation of green energy into such infrastructures is normally a difficult affair. The centralized nature of most electricity grids in the world means that purchasing the Green energy from the producers becomes difficult. In the Netherlands, electricity companies are compelled to buy a given amount of the Green energy to supplement the national output and to serve clients who specifically opt for the green energy sources. The Green Power affair has become an important program across the world and people are called upon to join the bandwagon. Policy makers are giving many reasons on why such renewable sources of energy should greatly be adopted across the world. The amount of carbon

Indigenous People of Australia. Does Australia Need a Treaty Essay

Indigenous People of Australia. Does Australia Need a Treaty - Essay Example Furthermore, the paper also describes Victorian Charter and what it means for the indigenous people. Australia lacks a formal treaty with its indigenous and non-indigenous people which have been a goal for all councils that are planning to give human rights to these people. However, little or no concerns have been shown by the governing bodies of how the treaty should be accommodated with the constitution of Australia to protect the rights of indigenous and non-indigenous people (Broome, 2010). Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and other indigenous groups in Australia are the original dwellers of the Australian continent that has been living since 50,000 years. Great diversity is found between different communities in Australia which have different culture altogether. They have different languages and customs and are further divided into local communities that have more diversity in its form. But when the European settlement took place, they did not consider the rights of people th at were originally the inhabitants of the country (Bartlett, 2002). Many people suggest that it would be unwise to form a treaty between aboriginal people because of their demands that would unlikely to be fulfilled. The indigenous people of Australia launched a book entitled ‘Treaty: Let’s get it right’ which was targeted at white people living in Australia and were trying to persuade them they need more than a treaty and reconciliation. The Aborigines have claimed to form a State which is ruled by their community setting up as a ‘Black State’ (Windschuttle, 2001). The book represented that they wanted to negotiate for the self government which seemed impossible for government to fulfil their demands. In Aboriginal politics, the people have always claimed for a separate nation but the main focus of their demand is the sovereignty of indigenous people. Many scholars do not agree with Aboriginal ideology because the whites have now outnumbered the ind igenous people communities and now they have the right to rule in the country. The demands have forced many legal problems in the country (Hinton et al., 2008). Australia has never had a formal agreement on the treaty of indigenous people because Aboriginal have always been portrayed in the light of having no civilized pattern of living or government. The history has shown one sided relationship without covering the story of Aboriginals. They were termed as native savages by misleading people and make bad impressions in the mind of white people which developed hatred amongst them without realizing the truth. Indigenous people were completely overlooked by Australian justice and they did not consider them as relevant parties to compete with their rights. A treaty would eventually recognize and protect their rights that would lead to prosperous Australia (Langton, 2006). A treaty would be a final settlement between indigenous and non-indigenous people of Australia which would make thi ngs calm and would not give rise to civil war. The treaty is the best way for Aboriginal people to advance their cause for their freedom but before that a preliminary policy is needed that could give basic rights to indigenous people. The treaty is the central vision of Aboriginal people and it is an opportunity for them to brighten their future. These people would very far to achieve their vision which they have written many years before. It would

How do our checks and balances work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How do our checks and balances work - Essay Example The branches are considerably equal in power and their jurisdictions are mutually independent to eliminate probability of conflict of interest in implementing the checks and balances. The legislative arm of the government that consist of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes laws that govern operations of other government arms as well as citizens. Administrative law, as developed by the legislature, for example, determines organization of the executive in implementation of its governing roles. The legislature also has the sole role of developing bills that regulate government policies, such as tax policies, and this checks on the executive arm’s authority to develop and implement rules policies that relates to taxation. The legislature therefore regulates tax rates that may be imposed by the executive on citizens and corporate parties. The legislature also ensures checks on the executive through its powers to impeach an officer in the executive arm of the government for improper conduct. Such impeachment powers are also dispersed within the legislature to ensure balance and checks in their implementation. The House of Representative, for example, serves the role of impeaching officers in the executive arm of the government while the congress presides over impeachment cases. The same impeachment role applies over judicial officers and it ensures that the judiciary and the executive are run in accordance with the law and any other constitutionally established standard (Adamson and Morrison 31). Our checks and balances also work through the roles and powers of the judiciary over constitutionality of laws and actions. The power to determine constitutionality of laws offers checks over the legislature by ensuring that enacted laws or amendments are consistent with the constitution. In its roles and powers, the judiciary that is headed by the Supreme Court can declare legislation unconstitutional through its mandate of interpreting the constitution and such a pronouncement renders the subject legislation null and void. The role therefore checks on the legislatures powers to make laws and discourages legislations that are beyond the powers and scope of the houses under the doctrine of ultra vires. The judiciary also offers checks over the executive through its veto powers over decisions made by the executives and its officers. This is also based on its interpretative role that determines constitutionality of controversial decisions by the executive branch. This allows the courts to rescind a decision by a representative of the executive arm (Adamson and Morrison 32). Similarly, our checks and balances work through the powers of the executive arm of the government over both the judiciary and the legislature. The power of the precedent, the head of the executive arm, to approve of all laws that the legislature passes offers check by ensuring that the laws are valid. The powers also ensure that the legislatureâ€℠¢s interest is not passed into law by subjecting the passed laws to an independent party to the law making process. The Congress however has powers to reverse a decision by the executive not to approve legislation and this identifies the role of the three arms of government in ensuring valid laws. The legislature makes the law, the executive approves the laws, and the judiciary interprets them for implementation, besides validating controversial ones, by the

Elements of Design in Hectors Final Battle Research Paper - 3

Elements of Design in Hectors Final Battle - Research Paper Example The production designer is the one in charge of the overall look of the film. Production designers have to closely coordinate with the director and the producer (in terms of budget constraints) in order to select the most appropriate settings and style that would enable the film to tell the story (Goodykoontz & Jacobs, 2011). Especially during pre-production, the production designer works closely with the film director to establish the particular aesthetic needs and the intended visual feel of the film. The production designer likewise works closely with the costume designer, the hair and make-up stylists, the special effects director, and the location manager to ensure the unified visual appearance of the movie. The role of the art director tends to blur with the responsibilities of the production designer. However, the art director’s main goal is to unify the overall visual appearance of the scenes in the film, making sure that these scenes are able to stimulate moods, contrast features, and appeal to the target audience psychologically (Goodykoontz & Jacobs, 2011). In the particular movie clip chose, the scene took place on an arid desert, presumably under the burning heat of the sun and the lighting used in this scene made the audience feel the â€Å"heat of the battle† even more. Thus, the sharp light of the sun conveyed feelings of passion and sheer hatred, which were the very feelings that Achilles felt at that moment, owing to the untimely death of his cousin. This particular setting likewise conveys the burning emotions in the hearts of the characters, from the anger in Achilles, to Hector’s desire to defend his honor, and even the pain felt by Hector’s family as they watch Hector walk into his death. All these aspects convey the message of the movie in terms of passion and honor. As the scene takes place in Ancient Greece, the costume designers no doubt took extra care and effort to make the characters’ costume as authentic as possible. Hector’s armor clad body signifies that he is a methodical fighter who takes great efforts to ensure that he is well protected in battle.